How to Safeguard the Well-Being of Children and Young People Essay

1. project the main legislation guidelines, policies and procedures for bulwarking kidskinren and novel hatful1.1 epitome current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures within own UK home Nation affecting the safeguarding of kidskinren and preteen batchPolices and procedures for safeguarding and infant protection in England and Wales ar the result of the boorren turning 1989 and in Northern Ireland of the boorren (Northern Ireland) Order 1995. The Children symbolize 2004 enwrapd further changes to the focusing the peasant protection system is structured and organised in England and Wales. caoutchoucing promoting nipperrens offbeat and enthr singleting mea authorizedlys in set to improve sisterrens safety and hold unsolved offense.Child protection part of the safeguarding process where it is necessary to seduce transaction when in that none is a reasonable belief that a sister is at risk of signifi bunst molest.Children lay push by means of 1989 (England and Wales)Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995These Acts tuged to simplify the laws that protected baberen and junior plurality in the respective UK countries. They were call forn as a respectable conjure up of pip-squeakrens dependables and protection and made it buy the farm to all who prep argond with churlren what their duties were and how they should turn unneurotic in the event of allegations of s obliger aversion. England and Wales produced separates- Working Together to precaution Children (1999) which emphasised the responsibilities of professionals towards children who argon at risk of harm.Children Act 2004By 2003 it was clear that services for children were still non operative unneurotic and protect undefendable children in our society. This was highlighted by the tragic death of capital of Seychelles Climbie at the custody of her administerrs resulting in an independent research into her death. The Laming paper resulted in a super C paper, E actually Child Matters, which in turn led to the Children Act 2004 in England and similar bills and Acts in all four countries in the UK.The main features of the Act implicated the integration of childrens services and the introduction of childrens directors with debt instrument for topical anesthetic reliance education and childrens affectionate services. lead councillors for childrens services with political province for local child offbeat the desexualize-up of Local sentry going Childrens Boards with statutory powers to en indisputable that complaisant services, the NHS, education services, the natural law and opposite services work together to protect vulnerable children a new Common Assessment Framework to assist agencies in identifying offbeat get hold ofs revised arrangements for share entropyWorking Together to Safeguard Children 2006The 2006 revised version of this document declare oneselfs an up run into on safeguarding and a co ntent framework to serve well agencies work individually and together to safeguard and countenance the eudaimonia of children. It also reflect changes to safeguarding practice in recent years, especially in the light of the Laming and Bichard Inquiries.The Vetting and Barring SchemeThe scheme was introduced in October 2009 with the aim of preventing ill-matched batch invent functional with children and vulnerable adults. From July 2010 and phased in oer a five-year period, iione running(a) or volunteering with children of vulnerable adults allow for be unavoidable to register with the free Safeguarding Authority (ISA). The ISA allow for touch decisions to prevent incommensurable wad from working with children and vulnerable adults, using a range of instruction devise distinct sources, including the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB). The CRB provide process applications for ISA accommodation and continuously monitor lizard individual against and new discipline, while continuously monitor individuals against whatever new information, while continuing to live record and new(prenominal) information to booster them make informed recruitment decisions.1.2 apologise child protection within the wider concept of safeguarding children and new-made peckSafeguarding is intimately overmuch much than just protect children form direct iniquity. The Staying Safe proceeding plan recognises a number of all- of the essence(predicate)(prenominal) perspectives in the wider view of safeguarding including memory children safe form accidents crime and blusterous missing children actively promoting their welfare in a anicteric and safe environment1.3 Analyse how matter and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding affect twenty-four hour period-to-day work with children and un congresswomand passelIt is actually important that anyone working with children should be able to recognise if a child is at risk of harm of in p auperism be develop of their vulnerability. The earlier this is recognised, the wagerer return for the child involved. all told the guidelines are intended to make sure that all the services and agencies involved with children and teen people work together to improve safeguarding.Childcare practiceAny childcare set should puddle clear policies and procedures that cover all aspects of safeguarding. This should include policies and procedures for health and safety child protection contact with children and performing individual(prenominal) care outings visitors to the setting bump assessmentRisk assessments should be carried out to make sure that there are no safeguarding treats to the children in a setting.Ensuring the voice of the child or recent somebody is heardThe United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (Article 13) states that all children should harbour the opportunity to fall in their voice heard.Article 13 The child shall impart the right to freedom o f expression, this right shall include to see, cod and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in opus or in print, in the form of art, or through any other(a)(a)(a) media of the childs choice .1.4 Explain when and wherefore inquiries and serious mooring review are required and how the sharing of the findings informs practice clubhouse has a duty to protect children and infantile people we sop up a network of professional organisations supported by legislation, natural laws and procedures to do this. Serious fortune reviews are called by the Local Safeguarding Childrens Board when a child dies and annoyance or disrespect are known or pretend to be a factor in the death. They involve the local authority childrens service and the police, as well as health, education and other agencies as necessary. The LSCB also commissions an overview report form an independent mortal, which analyses the findings of the individual centering reports and makes commendations. Local authorities are required to nonify Ofsted of all accidents involving children that are grave enough that they may lead to a serious case review, including where a child has died or acquireed signifi rottert harm as a result of abuse or neglect, or where byplays are embossed intimately professional practice or demand attracted national media attention.Lessons learned form serious case reviews usually include the importance of sharing information and communication keeping an accurate eon line of eventsclear preparation theatrical rolesovercoming the enigmas of hard-to-r distri besidesively families hefty assessment of the childs situationearly in gradeigence of children in assume of protection by mainstream services much(prenominal) as schooldayss or health services partnership working with agencies that parents may be receiving services form for example mental health servicesA Public inquiry an official review of events or actions ordered by the government. The report that is produced makes recommendations for improving practice.Laming InquiryLord Laming produced a landmark report in 2003 pursuance a public inquiry into the death of Victoria Climbie. She died in February 2000 of malnutrition and hypothermia, having suffered horrific abuse at the hold of her commodious aunt and great aunt boyfriend. A deprivation of communication between cordial workers, nurses, doctors and police officers allowed her great-aunt and her lover to torture the little girl to death. legion(predicate) professionals involved in the case admitted that their workloads were too big while render and morale were low, and that they did non communicate with one another. The inquiry made a number of discover recommendations for improvements to services that led to the Children Act 2004.Bichard InquiryThis inquiry resulted form the murders of two three-year-old girls in Suffolk by a school caretaker, who was known as a da nger to children by one police authority. The information had not been identified when he had a SRB tally of the Independent Safeguarding Authority1.5 Explain how the processes used by own legislation that covers entropy protection, information handling and sharingThe Data rampart Act 1998 covers soulalised information about individuals which is held by organisations. They pee to keep information in a safe way that ensures other people do not get hold of it. Settings that work with children and junior people have the homogeneous responsibilities except that the information they hold is about small people and children who are vulnerable because of their age.The Data Protection Act places responsibilities on organisations holding personal information to use it exactly as neededkeep it salutary make sure its accuratekeep it up to dateOn behalf of children, adults and parents have the right to a lower place the Data Protection Act to have information corrected if it is wron g. They also have the right to arrogate compensation through the courts if an organisation breaches the Act and causes them damage and distress. The Data Protection Act and the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations also give people the right to stop personal information creation used for any appearance of direct marketing, such as unwanted junk mail, double-dyed(a) revenue calls, or email and text massages.2. fancy the importance of working in partnerships with other organisations to safeguard children and three-year-old people2.1 Explain the importance of safeguarding children and younker peopleFar too legion(predicate) children and teen people suffer abuse or neglect at the hands of their parents or carers. a signifi endt number of children face repeated serious and multiple forms of abuse at the hands of parents or carers abuse is more common in families with drug or alcohol abuse problems some(prenominal) children are more at risk that other. Studies into t he prevalence of maltreatment among children with disabilities have found that these abuse and neglect than non-disabled children.2.2 Explain the importance of a child or young person centred approachA key feature of all Child Matters is that each child is a unique individual who needs support form adults to achieve the top hat possible outcomes as they grow develop. The aim of Every Child Matters is to give all children the support they need to be healthystay safeguardingenjoy and achieveachieve economic well- be wholly services aimed at children or young people based around individuals planning to meet their needs, rather than for a whole group. It places children and families at the centerfield of policy on the basis that children and young people spend only one-fifth of their childhood at school. Because young people learn best with family support, the Childrens Plan covers all areas of childrens lives.2.3 Explain what is mean by partnership working in the context of safe guardingSafeguarding and promoting the welfare of children depends on impelling partnership working between agencies and professionals. Each has a different role and area of expertise. The importance of partnership working runs through every aspect of safeguarding form government legislation to local working. The key elements of Every Child Matters Change for Children are all focused on partnership working at all aims including the duty to cooperate to promote the well-being of children and young people the duty to make arrangements to safeguard and promote the welfare of children and young people the development of statutory Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCBs) the ap fountainheadment of local directors of childrens services to coordinate local government services the National table service Framework for children, young people and Maternity Services bringing together all child-related health services The Five Outcomes Framework The development of an integrate inspection f ramework including education, care and health inspections the appointment of a Childrens Commissionerthe development of a Common Assessment Framework to ensure all agencies contribute to an assessment of a childs needs custody reform to help develop skills and ensure rounding levelsAnyone who has contact with a child or young person and has concerns about their welfare has a function to pass that concern to the most appropriate agency. Working Together to Safeguard Children (DCSF 2006) clearly sets out how individuals and organisations should work together to safeguard and promote the welfare of children and young people.Local confederationAgenciesHealth visitorNeighboursor groupsChild heath clinicinvolved inFriendsthe welfareGPFamily of a child HospitalPoliceChild minderSocial workerNursery or schoolLeisure groups such as footballAfter school clubSwimming, cubs, browniesKey features of effective working a lead person who is responsible for coordinating actions and who acts as t he main point of contact for children where more than one practitioner is involved effective sharing of relevant information between agencies and practitioner.2.4 Describe the roles and responsibilities of the different organisations that may be involved when a child or young person has been ill-treat or harmedWhen a child or young person has been handle or harmed the first line response will be at the point of the allegation or discovery. Social services have statutory responsibilities to provide support to vulnerable children and families in need.( this may be later on a death or when families are finding every day life difficult) Health visitors have a responsibility for the health of babies and young children under five.( they provide support and direction to the parents of young children and carry out assessments of a childs development) General Practitioners work in the community usually form health centres and are the gateway to other health services. GPs are often t he first people to identify possible abuse when a child attends surgery. Probation services support people convicted of some offences to be rehabilitated into the community. ( they have a key role in monitoring people convicted of offences against children and should ensure they do not pose a threat to local children) Police are involved in the criminal proceedings that may result form safeguarding issues. As all children and young people should be in education or instruct between the ages of 5 -18 years, schools and training organisations are key to identifying and supporting children when they are in need of help. All staff working with children and young people should be trained in safeguarding and child protection. Child psychology services will often be needed to support children who have experienced abuse or harm. The NSPCC is a voluntary organisation a national charity working to sweep absent child abuse.3. Understand the importance of ensuring children and young peop les safety and protection in the work setting3.1 Explain why is important to ensure children and young people are protected form harm within the work settingDuty to care is a statutory obligation that you all have. Professionals working in registered early years settings are expected to maintain a set of patterns that reflect the governments aim of improving the quality of life for children through the 5 exacting outcomes of Every child matters. Parents leave children in the care with an expectation that they mickle trust you and your colleagues to keep their children form harm. It is difficult for many an(prenominal) parents to leave their children, they need to be fully confident that their children are in safe, supportive hands with people who will help their development. Failing to meet this is a gross breach of your professional values. Any professional working with children or young people is responsible for the care and well being of those children.Making sure that a ch ild is safe on or out of a care setting is of paramount importance. Not only does it make a child or young person odour safe in a learning environment but it also gives the child the credential to develop and achieve from an early age. For children to be effectively protected, it is essential that everyone accepts the responsibility of their role and to also be protected in that role.E.g. when escorting a child to the toilet or a child needs to be uncase due to any accident, it is vital that another member of staff or child is present as to not allow any allegations of misconduct. somatogenetic contact between child and adult is important for building affectionateness and trustworthy relationships but only when handled in an acceptable and responsible manner. in that location may be seasons, especially with younger children, occasions where a busted or upset child needs comfort and cost increase which may include somatic comforting, in these cases employees should use the ir discretion and common horse reek in order for allegations not to follow. 3.2 Explain policies and procedures that are in place to protect children and young people and adults who work with themAs well as having policies to ensure that only suitable people work in their setting, managers need to promote very clear practices and ways of working to protect both the children and adults work with. Everyone in a setting has a responsibility to work hard to promote the welfare of the children in their care.Working in an open and transparent wayOpen-plan rooms this ensures that no member of staff is totally only if and out of view with a child. Sharing plans and lecture about different ways of working also helps to make sure that staff work in the most appropriate ways.Listening to children and young peopleWhenever possible avoid delaying to keep something a secret. Always tell a child if you feel you need to share information- especially if you feel a safeguarding issue is inv olved. It is important that you record and report any concern you have about a childs welfare make sure you know who to go in your setting.Power and positions of trustIf you are involved in the care of children or young people, you are working in a position of trust. You have authority over the children and parents have placed their trust in you to look after them this brings responsibilities. People who with to employ position of trust with children and young people and vulnerable adults have to have enhanced CRP checks.Propriety and conductChildren and young people tend to respect and look up to people in position of trust. You must call up carefully about your own deportment and the example you set to children and young people in your care. somatic contactYoung children need fleshly contact in they have fallen over, a cuddle provide help them to recover and get binding to playing. However, too much sensual contact bottomland be easily misunderstood. Make sure you are fami liar with what is acceptable. Taking a child to the toilet, changing a table napkin or helping a child change out of contaminating clothes are all normal everyday tasks but never do any of these in a room with the door unopen or out of sight of other member of staff. Remembering this protects not only the child but yourself as well.Photographs and video recordingsPhotographing or videoing activities in any setting are great ways to let parents see what their children have been doing. photos and videos are not uncommitted to anyone other than parents and carers forever and a day make sure that parents have given permission for photos to be taken check your policy on parents taking photos or videos.3.3 Evaluate ways in which concerns about poor practice nooky be reported whilst ensuring that tattle blowers and those whose practice or behaviour is being questioned are protectedAt some stage in with children you may be faced with the problem of what to do about psyche whose pra ctice is unacceptable.You must not contract poor practice no matter who it is being carried out by. ( It hatful be very difficult to report mortal you work with or even your manager)How to whistle blowthink about exactly what is torture you and why approach your supervisor, manager or safeguarding named person tell someone about your concerns as soon as you feel you toilet put your concerns in writing, outlining the background and history, giving names, dates and places where you stern ,ale sure something happensWhistle blowing does take courage. ( there is the risk of being bullied or chevvy as a result) except anyone who whistle blows has the right to protection from the person they have raised concerns about. If you suffer as a result of a whistle blowing incident the UK Public Interest manifestation Act 1998 offers legal protection.3.4 Explain how practitioners can take steps to protect themselves within their everyday practice in the work setting and on off site visi tsA meaningful element of a practitioners role in protecting themselves would be to read policies and procedures that are put in place to safeguard them and children or young people in their care. In a care setting a professional can protect themselves by lift being alone in a closed room with a child. Two members of staff must be present if a child needs to be undressed in the event of an accident. If a child is collected late by a parent/carer then two staff members must stay until the child is collected. Always be seen to working in an open and transparent way where there is either optical entrance fee or an open door, especially in one to one situations. Avoid meetings with children or young people in an isolated or private area of a care setting.It would be unrealistic to recommend that a member of staff should touch children or young people only in emergencies as very few people would agree with that, especially when young children can become so distressed in certain situat ions and a cuddle or close contact is needed by the child. Physical contact, guides and support are necessary in a range of settings appropriate to the age of the child and the circumstances at that time. Settings should provide a clear guidance about when and how the somatic contact should be used in order to protect both staff and children. in effect(p) management of risk should become automatic as you become more experienced. For every exercise you plan, you should think about the hazards, the likelihood of the hazard occurring and the manoeuver broadsides. Risk the outcome or seeming impact of the hazard associated with the activity to be undertakenHazard something that has the potential to cause harm Likelihood the fortune of any harm from the hazard actually happening Control measure any activity or measures put in place to control or minimise identified risks In the case of educational visits, professionals should unendingly carry out a full risk assessment of that v isit, under the Health and Safety at work regulations Act 1999 it requires employers to assess the risks of activities, introduce measures to control these risks and inform employees of these measures. Before a trip can be arranged employers must follow the necessary policies and procedures as follows Age, competence, fitness and the standard behaviour of the children and young people. Any special educational or medical checkup needs of the children. Adult to children ratio. The competence and qualifications of the accompanying adults. Modes of transport and location of visit. need procedures. Permission from parents. Relevant medical or dietary needs of children. 4. Understand how to respond to evidence or concerns that a child or young person has been step or harmed 4.1 Describe the possible signs, symptoms, indicators and behaviours that may cause concern in the context of safeguardingIt is important that you are aware of the indications of child abuse. Not every sing mean s a child is being abused. several(prenominal)times the first signs that you observe are not physical but a change in behaviour. It is important that you record your concerns and monitor any un justifyed changes in a childs behaviour. Sometimes a child may be experiencing more than one type of abuse.Physical abusePhysical abuse is when a child is physically hurt or injured ( hitting, kicking, b eating with objects, throwing and shaking are all physical abuse, and cause pain, cuts bruising, broken bones and sometimes even death)Sings and symptoms of physical abuse can include unexplained recurrent injuries of burnswearing forbidding cloth to cover injuries, even in hot weatherrefusal to undressing denudate patches of hair repeated running away form home panic of medical examinationaggression towards self and othersfear of physical contact, shrivel back if approached or touchedMany signs of physical abuse can be confused with genuine accidentalinjuries, but they are often not in the places or distributed as you would expect. Sometimes the explanation does not fit the injury, or you may see the outline of a charge buckle or cigarette burn. Suspicion should be aroused if the parents have not sought medical advice soon after the injury occurred. delirious abuseEmotional abuse occurs when children are not given love, acclaim or acceptance. They may be constantly criticised, blamed, sworn and shouted at, told that other people are better than they are. Emotional abuse also involves withholding tax love and affection. It is often linked with neglectSigns and symptoms of emotional abuse can include delayed developmentsudden speech problems such as stammeringlow self-esteemfear of any new situationsneurotic behaviourextremes of withdrawal or aggressionNeglectNeglect, which can result in failure to thrive, is when parents or others looking after children do not provide them whit proper food, warmth, shelter, clothing, care and protectionSigns and symptoms of negle ct can includeconstant hungerpoor personal hygieneconstant wearinesspoor state of clothingunusual thinness or insufficiency of normal body weightuntreated medical problems no social relationships stealing fooddestructive tendenciesSexual abuseSexual abuse is when a child is forced or persuaded into sexual acts or situations by others. Children may be encouraged to look at pornography, be harassed by sexual suggestions or comments, be touched sexually or forced to have sex.Signs and symptoms of neglect can includesexual noesis of behaviour that is inappropriate to the childs age medical problems such as chronic itching, pain in the genitals, venereal die depression, self-mutilation, self-destruction attempts, running away, overdoses or anorexia personality changes (becoming insecure or clinging)regressing to younger behaviour patterns (thumb-sucking, cuddly toys) sudden loss of appetite or compulsive eatingbeing isolated or withdrawninability to concentratelack of trust or fear of someone they know well, (wanting to be alone with babysitter, child minder) pelfing to wet or soil again, day or nightbecoming worried about clothing being distantdrawing sexually explicit pictures act to be ultra-good or perfect, overreacting to animadversion4.2 Describe the actions to take if a child or young person alleges harm or abuse in line with policies and procedures of own settingAll settings that have contact with children and young people must have clear policies and procedures to follow in all cases of abuse. Staff must have training in these and organisation for transaction with the situation.Disclosure of abuse by a child can occur at any time and it can be a shock to hear details. The way an allegation is received can be very important in the outcome to a child, even many years later. There have been many examples in the past of children not being believed at the time they state their experience often resulting in serious problems later in life.Disclosure of abus e when a child tells or implies to you that he or she has been abused4.3 Explain the rights that children, young people and their carers have in situations where harm or abuse is suspected or alleged 44 Children and their parents or carers have important rights even in cases of suspected abuse. Most children feel doglike towards those who care for them even when they have been responsible for the abuse, and have difficulty facial expression anything against them. In situation where harm or abuse is suspected or alleged, it is important to remember the following guidelines. children and young people should receive help so they can express themselves fully, understand what is happening and the decisions that have to be made. a child or young person has a right not to be subjected to repeated medical examinations or questioning following any allegation of abuse, whether of a physical or sexual temper family members normally have the right to know what is being said about them and to contribute to important decisions about their lives and those of their children children should be kept fully informed of processes involving them, should be consulted sensitively and decisions about their future should take account of their views5. Understand how to respond to evidence or concerns that a child or young person has been bulliedBullying and the fear of intimidation are major worries for many children and young people.Explain different types of bullying and the potential effects on children and young peopleThe victims of bullying are usually different in some way form the bully, the differences may be as undecomposable as a different physical characteristic or being seen as a swot. Bullying can be specific. The basis for the bullying it can be one or more of the following forms physical (pushing, kicking hitting, pinching and other forms of violence or threats) verbal (name-calling, insults, sarcasm, spreading rumours, fixed teasing) emotional ( including not s peaking to and excluding someone, tormenting ridicule, humiliation) cyber-bullying ( the use of information and communications applied science particularly agile anticipates and the internet, deliberately to upset someone else)Bullying can be carried out by one person against another, or by groups of people ganging up on a person. Bullying is not unceasingly delivered as a personal face -to- face attack, but can also be delivered through technology.Threatened or attempted suicideDepression caterpillar tread awayLow self esteemPotential effectsof bullyingIsolation constraintPoor academic achievementThere are many reasons and possibilities as to why people bully, most of the time its because the victim is different in some way. Below are some of the differences why someone might be bullied persons appearance (e.g. hair burnish or style, height)Someones raceSomeones worshipSomeones nationalitySomeones sexual orientationSomeone being jealous two males and females are capable of carrying out a vicious attack such as bullying on others. Some bullies only do it to uphold their reputation and look hard. other reason would be either sex of a bully trying to maintain their superficial superiority. Many bullies only bully others out of green-eyed monster and many of the people who have been bullied go on to do great things with their life, like some famous people who have been bullied.5.2 Outline the policies and procedures that should be followed in response to concerns or evidence of bullying and explain the reasons why they are in placeAll schools are required by low to have anti-bulling policies in place but these vary in how they are worded and the subsequent actions that need to be taken. Schools must also have policies to encourage good behaviour and respect for others on the part for others on the part of pupils. The Department for Education is clear that no form of bullying should be tolerated. Bullying should be taken very seriously it is not a norma l part of growing up and it can unwrap lives. The current anti-bulling guidance for schools Safe to learn embedding anti-bulling work in schools was launched in September 20075.3 Explain how to support a child or young person and /or their family when bullying is suspected or allegedWhen conducting with someone who is being bullied it is important to remember that they will be very upset although they may not show it on the outside. If they have pull up the courage to talk to you then they need to know you will take the problem seriously. In the case of an older child, it is a good idea to ask them to write down exactly what happened and who was there so that you can speak to other people. The more information you have, the better you will be able to deal with the problem and the faster you can sort out exactly what happened. Reassure the victim that you will be back in touch with them as soon as you have effected your investigation and that if there are any more problems in the meantime they must let you know immediately.Supporting the familyParents can find it very hard to know how to help their child if they are being bullied. Some parents will have to cope with the news that it is their child who is a bully. You need to know to support parents in both these cases. Listen to parents let them explain how they are feeling. Direct them to useful information so that they can start to think how to support their child.6. Understand how to work with children and young people to support their safety and well-being6.1 Explain how to support children and young peoples self-confidence and self-esteemChildren and young people who areassertiveself-assuredself-awareand have high self-esteemare less likely to be vulnerable to abuse. A child who has high self-esteem will do better in many aspects of development. Self esteem can be supported bygiving lots of praise and encouragement support independence and choice, with many opportunities to try things out teaching chi ldren how to be assertive ( which means having their own needs met but still respecting those of others) encouraging cooperation, respect and tolerance between children, and giving a positive example yourself6.2 Analyse the importance of supporting resiliency in children and young peopleResilience is the ability to deal with the ups and down of life and is based on self-esteem. The more resilience a child is the better they will deal with life as they grow and develop into adulthood.Many factors can positively affect a childs resiliencesecure early attachmentconfidence of being loved by family and friendsgood sense of self-identityability to act independentlyconfidence to try new things6.3 Explain why it is important to work with the child or young person to ensure they have strategies to protect themselves and make decisions about safetyThe important thing for all children to remember is that they should never feel uncomfortable about someone the are with or something being done t o them. Children and young people need support to be able to keep themselves safe. It is important to be available to talk with children about any concerns they may have. If they are upset by a reported case of abuse, be as still as possible. Stress that almost all children lead safe and glad lives and only a very few adults want to hurt children in any way.Using correct anatomical language, at a level appropriate to the child, is important when you are talking about bodies. Simple, age-appropriate sessions, linked to other activities, on how the human body works help children to understand what their bodies can do and raise awareness of what is normal and what is not. Sessions on body aid should be an integral part of childrens education,not just to warn them of the danger of misuse. The Keep safe Code produced by Kids cape is an effective way of getting across the message about personal safety to young children. Older children need more detailed information such as lessons on n ormal sexual function, related to adult behaviour ( relevant to your settings policy information about misuse of their bodies, through smoking, alcohol and illegal drugs the risks of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, herpes, gonorrhoea,..) do from other organisationsOrganisations such as Kidscape, Childeline and the NSPCC can help eith information and guidance on these topics. It is important to use themproperly and be sure that information is accurate and used to best effect.6.4 Explain ways of empowering children and young people to make positive and informed choices that support their well being and safety.Children and young people need to be empowered to keep themselves safe. Children will always push boundaries and take risks that is how we all learn. Your role is to manage those risks without taking away their independence. When they are empowered, and can make their own choices, the are able to do things alone and without supervision.7. Understand the importance of e-safety for children and young people7.1 Explain the risks and possible consequences for children and young people of being online and of using a mobile straitThis is an admirable ambition, with huge benefits for everyone especially in relation to research and learning. But it is also fraught with danger as the net profit and mobile network also offer possibilities tor the abuse of children and young people. Most children and young people have glide slope to the Internet and the use of a mobile phone. Both offer benefits to children but equally can expose them to threats to their safety and well-being. The Internet, mobile phones and video games pose a number of risks to children and young people including cyber bullying, access to unsuitable sites, exposure to commercial sites and danger form adults seeking to exploit children.7.2 Describe ways of reducing risk to children and young people from social networking internet use buying online using a mobile phoneS hort of banning all access to the Internet and mobile phones it is not possible to eliminate the risks to children and young people. But is is possible to build childrens resilience to the material to which they may be exposed, so that they have the confidence and skills to use the Internet more safely. The Byron Review identified three key objectives to protect children reduce availabilityrestrict accessincrease resilience to harmful and inappropriate material online.There are number of measures available that start to meet some of these objectives including parental controls that allow Internet sites with unsuitable material to be limitedblocks on useimproving the knowledge, skills and ground around e-safety of children, parents and other responsible adultsWays in which you can help to improve childrens knowledge and skills include making them aware of the dangershelping them to develop the skills to recognise dangersupporting them in dealing with situations they are not happy wi th.Combined with a sensible approach, such as making sure that children do not spend time on the calculator unsupervised or for too long a period of time these tools can make using the Internet a useful and pleasurable experience. Education of parents and carers are less skilled at using the Internet than their children are and may not be aware of the dangers of how to control access to certain material.