Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Sociology - Essay ExampleHumans acquire of their behavioural traits from value thus come a philosophy called tabula rasa or blank slate. In recent years, twain nature and fostering have been recognized to play interacting roles in development. These two are tied in mutually in ways that many of us do not see. Both are all important(predicate) do works to a person as they are developing their traits. What we have inherited is essential basis of what cordial of person we are, but our environment can alter and develop us even to a greater extent. In getting or altering traits in a person, these two factors are important. Some psychologists agree that nature and nurture are both major influences to the development of behaviour. Psychologist Robert Plomin said, . But the genetic influence on traits and behaviors is only partial(p) Genetics account, on average, for half of the variance of most traits. That means the environment accounts for the rest. Though we receive genes from ou r family, our milieu and nurturing can alter that if strong enough, as an influence. We might not notice it, butnatureandnurtureare mixed in with each other, influencing traits of everyone. 2. What are the common themes in the ideas of Freud, Piaget, Kohlberg, Gilligan, Mead and Erickson? In what ways do their theories differ? The common theme in the idea of the Freud, Piaget, Kohlberg, Gilligan, Mead and Erickson is child development. They all believed that society played a vital role in the development of the person. However, they all developed variety of concepts in the psychoanalytic flower of view. Sigmund Freud developed the elements of personality. He declared humans had two basic pauperisations or driveseros, a need for bonding andthanatos, which related to a drive for death. Freuds status combined both these basic needs and the influence of society into a unique model of personality. Freuds work highlights the internalization of social norms and the importance of pueril ity experiences in the socialization process and the development of personality. Jean Piagets supposition of cognitive development centred on human cognition or how people think and understand. He identified four major stages of cognitive development sensory motor stage, post-industrial societies, concrete operational stage, and the formal operational stage. Lawrence Kohlberg developed a possibleness of virtuous development. He used Piagets theory as a facilitator for a study of moral reasoning. He suggested three stages preconventional stagebased on pain and pleasure, aconventional stage(in the jejune years), where right and wrong is understood within cultural norms, and apostconventional stage, where abstract critique of the social sound out is possible. However, his work is gender limited to boys only. Carol Gilligan in response to Kohlbergs theory developed the theory of gender and moral development. She concludes that males and females make moral judgments in different way s. Males use ajustice perspectiveIts wrong if the rules define it that way. Females use acare and responsibility perspectiveIts wrong if it remedy relationships. Her recent research on self-esteem demonstrates that female self-esteem begins to slip during adolescence as they encounter more authority figures who are men. George Mead developed the theory of social self. Meads analysis focuses on mental processes and is often referred to associal behaviourism. He emphasized that the key to developing the

Business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Business strategy - Essay ExampleIn case of Honda, the strategies of the companionship, in order to go through its long term presence and remain profitable are increasing investments, market expansion, new produce development as well as integrating technology for operational purpose. As a bequeath of this, the company was able to increase its harvest-feastivity (Berger, 2011). These options paid off for the company to a great finish and it fostered Honda to strengthen its distribution network. Although the strategy helped the company to diversify its product line and expand business, the overall gross gross revenue dropped marginally (Ahlstrom and Bruton, 2009). The figure above makes it clear that the Honda witnessed reduces sales volume for its full size cars, minis and trucks and buses, even after(prenominal) making the new strategic choice. One of the positive outcomes of this strategic choice for the company was that, it allowed them to create treasure for the stakeho lders. Honda Success as a Corporate Organization A shift in the strategic choice for the company has allowed them to unearth new avenues and dimensions of business. The new strategic choice for the company also allowed them to diversify the product line and cater to overseas countries. However, the only negative outcome for pursuing this strategy is decreasing sales volume. The decreasing volume of sales was also becoming a cause of concern for the company and for that cerebrate further investment in the field of research and development was not possible. Despite that Honda was able to vista itself as a prosperous corporate citizen. With this approach, the company was able to make good market positions for them in the European as well in the US market. In the late 80s, the company succeeded to become the after part largest car manufacturer in USA. One of the major drivers of success for the company was the decision of Honda to diversify product line into motor cycle, power equip ments and automobiles. Moreover, this strategy also allowed the company to target different type of customers and allowed them to put to work in both B2B (Business to Business) and B2C (Business to Consumer) channels. The dealers of the company were also enthusiastic about the same and they supported the company which allowed the company to strengthen their financial status. Hence from the above discussion, it is obvious that Honda as a corporate organisation is successful to a great extent. International Choices of Honda International marketing is a buzzword and business houses around the human being consider it as a way to survive in the market and experience growth. Migration, investments, reduced world(prenominal) trade barrier and well defined legal frameworks are the major drivers of international marketing. Moreover, conducting business in the international marketing also allow companies to cater to different customer segment. With large number of benefits, it is and then necessary for a company to choose the most suitable mode of entry in the outside soil. In the context of this study, Honda is also enthusiastic about making its presence in foreign countries. The asterisk intention of Honda towards making international expansion was to showcase their expertise in motorcycle design.

Define the medical model of health and describe the differences when Essay - 1

Define the medical mystify of health and describe the differences when compared to the complaisant molding of health - Essay ExampleThe concept of social puzzle of health is much advanced than the medical present and is currently being used in the welkin of medicine, nursing, sociology, health psychology, psychiatry, clinical social work and chiropractic medicine.According to the medical model of health, natural nausea is caused by a particular pathogen or disease causing organism (Curtis, p.48). The pathogens cause the disease because of which some physical changes occur within the body. The causative factors are not only organisms but some chemical imbalances and inheritable predisposition. According to the social model which is commonly known as the biopsychosocial model, illness is caused due to an interplay of a tidy sum of factors and that most of the times illness results from an interplay of biological factors the likes of pathogens, psychological factors like belie fs and behaviors and social factors like economical status and employment. This model of health was developed by Engel in the 1970s. The psycho aspects of health which this model proposed were cognitions like expectations of health, certain emotions like fear of treatment and important health-related behaviors like consumption of alcohol, smoking, diet and exercise (Curtis, p.53). aroused turmoil, lack of self-control and negative thinking have been incriminated in the development of disease. The social aspects of health which this model proposed were social drinking, peer group pressure and expectations, social values of health, ethnicity, parental pressure and expectations and social class. The social model of health is basically based on the social cognitive theory (Curtis, p.55).The medical model perceives illness as beyond the control of the individual and thus individuals are not responsible for the illness. here patients are regarded as victims of external force that cause s changes in the internal aspects of the patients. But the social model perceives illness as a combination of several

Discussion Question 1 Week 10 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Question 1 Week 10 - Assignment ExampleAn advantage of an equity investment is that when the business becomes unprofit able-bodied, the company does not have to indemnify the venture capitalist anything.2.The financial managerwas able to manage the cash flows of the company well. He was able to prioritize the financial needs of Comet Skateboards. Capital was reinvested appropriately. He controlled the expenses of the company. Outflows were properly matched with the inflows.If a large firm approached Comet Skateboards with an allow of acquisition, a major advantage is that Comet will be able to expand its business. They can target a bigger market since they have the funds to explore other markets aside from the current ones. A major drawback of this offer is that the new owners mightiness have a different outlook from the previous owners, meaning they might not maintain the triple bottom line company that Comet is known for. Moreover, this would mean a handout of owner ship and control for Salfi, its co-founder, considering that the business is very valuable to

Presidential Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Presidential Perspectives - Essay ExampleThe difference between Democrats and Republics is app arnt(a) in American politics. Democrats and Republicans differ mainly in terms of philosophy, worldview, ideologies, and politics. Democrats are more of socialists and hold that the art of the government is social welfare of the people regardless of individual interests. They support government sponsored programs such as health care as well as subsides. Republicans, on the other hand, elevate economic equity and free grocery store they believe that solutions lay with the people rather than the federal government. Hence, they are more of capitalists, promoting property rights over welfare rights. They also decry active government interference in the economy.Obamas policies and Mitt Romneys are contrasting and apparent due to their political divides, which shapes their philosophy, worldview, ideologies, and politics. Alperovitz (2011) asserts that power structure in the United States can be analyzed in four rival approaches, namely pluralism, State autonomy, elite theory, and Marxism. Pluralism theory holds that groups such as unions and professional associations, civil rights activists, business and financial lobbies govern America. Liberalists assert that there are multiple centers of power, which deport a colossal bearing in the making of laws and policies.According to Alperovitz (2011), state autonomy stresses that the government is eternally an autonomous force due to its control of military. Hence, they conclude that the government in the United States is the central citation of power. Elite theory stipulates that leaders of large organizations inevitably dominate key sectors of the society and that America is no different. Finally, Marxism argues that property owners dominate the society. Those who hold power are predominantly those who own means of production. Policy issues such as taxes, trade agreements, and labor standoffs are a manifestation of this fact.Obamas ideologies

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 4

Case study - Essay ExampleThrough this program, company collected the discarded systems drive out from the customers and delivered it to the certified vendors. The vendors were certified by the Pollution Control Board.In 2007, Wipro also appeared as a prototypal Indian company which introduced eco-friendly range of desktops and laptops. By introducing these laptops and desktops, Wipro was aiming to reduce e-waste in the environment. Wipro also introduced a range of opposite products which were environment friendly and they were named as Green Ware. These products were manu factured from the materials which were free from the hazardous material such as heavy metals like lead, mercury and cadmium, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Brominated flame retardants. All of the other companies were using these ingredients in their products however Wipro intentional its products such as PCs without using these hazardous items. In this way, Green Ware products of the company were compliant with t he barrier of Hazardous Substances (RoHS).Wipro has been very active in joining the campaigns and initiatives taken at global level for environmental safety. Wipro conjugated the Green Grid in June 2008 which was a global consortium and started to enhance energy strength in datacenters and business computing ecosystems. The company was not joining such platforms to get aim that the aim of the company was to actually contribute in enhancing the green technology and systems. It is also evident from the fact that Wipro joined Green Grid in June 2008 and in the same month company also joined EcoEye initiative. EcoEye initiative was a comprehensive plan aimed to increase ecological sustainability in all operations and spicy its shareholders. By joining this program, Wipro showed that it is very active in taking initiatives on green concerns. As mentioned in the case study, Chandran commented on this initiative taken by Wipro. He argues that this initiative has been taken as a collabo rative effort

Improving Organisational Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Improving Organisational instruction execution - Essay ExamplePerformance way is considered to be one of the most regarded Human Resource (HR) functions in an organisation. In most of the organisations, the murders of the subordinates are measured either formally or informally. Effective communication regarding performance appraisal generally takes state of affairs once in a year or once in a quarter. Nevertheless, performance management is a continuous phenomenon (Armstrong, 2006). When the performance management is utilised in a proper way thence the management gains numerous benefits. It has been noted that most of the United Kingdom based organisations operate periodic performance appraisal systems. However, it has been noted that most of the employees as well as managers are found to be discontent with the schemes utilised in the organisations (Keshav & Sharma, n.d.). Appraisals are incapable of motivating the employees in an organisation and it has been claimed by the resp ondents to an Industrial gild Survey that such appraisals do not have any positive impact upon the workforce. Therefore, it becomes significant for the organisations to supervise the way in which performance management is being practiced ( management Today, 1998).The main objective of the paper is to approximate caper cases for the use of performance management at Barclays desire and Lloyds Bank. ... volition also present the practicable difficulties, challenges as well as implications identified by the use of the performance management in Barclays Bank and Lloyds Bank. The methods that the two banks can use in vagabond to mitigate the difficulties related to the performance management go out also be recognised in a detailed way in this paper. Finally, the study will attempt to find out the potential limitations or shortcomings related to the proposals provided to the banks. Business Case for Performance Management at Barclays Bank People tend to differ in terms of their ab ilities as well as aptitudes. There will be major disparities between the size and the value of the equal work upon the same job done by two distinct people. Therefore, under such note, it can be simulated that the organisations need performance management so that they are capable of comprehending the abilities of the employees, proficiencies as well as their relative worth for the organisation. Offering rating to the employees in terms of their performance can be done with the assistant of performance appraisal. Barclays Bank tends to extend its assistance in terms of financial services in nearly 50 countries all over the globe (Barclays, 2012). Barclays Bank is considered to be one of the famous companies in the banking area and thus it states that the way in which the employees tend to perform their operations has a direct influence upon the business performance. The team members working for the bank are well aware of the goals that they are supposed to attain. In order to manage the performance, the bank has designed numerous actions in which the employees participate. Coaching is recognised to be one of the actions where a crucial objective is to make the employees aware of their job

Analyse and research of area related to criminology (based on Essay

Analyse and research of area colligate to criminology (based on article)) - Essay ExampleThe purpose of this research is to examine the usage of the internet as a tool for sexual predation, graphic symbolicularly by women. Following a literature review on the topic, 50 participants from the North-East of England to examine how much of a danger womanly sex offenders are perceived to be in the context of cyber-crime.Martellozzo, Nehring & Taylor (2010) established that females do indeed use the internet to target children as part of a sex offence. However, the area has not received much attention, and therefore there can be a taboo about female sex offenders and it can be difficult for criminal investigations to amaze to a solid conclusion, as the area is poorly understood. Martellozzo, Nehring & Taylor (2010) describe the use of the internet by female sex offenders as an emerging problem (p1) which needs to be addressed in a criminological manner to fully understand the consequen ces and significance of the problem.It is perhaps important to define what constitutes child abuse in an electronic manner to fully understand the context of the article. Child sexual abuse in a cybercrime context can include (but is not limited to) sharing and downloading of sexual photography of underage individuals, the use of explicit language in chat rooms and through other online media, and the approaching of minors with the bet of starting a sexual relationship in the sincere world (Martellozzo, Nehring & Taylor, 2010, p2). The internet allows these activities to be conducted with a degree of secrecy, which means that children are often more at risk of these activities online than they are in the real world, although the effects may be just as damaging.The research involved in the pass water of Martellozzo, Nehring & Taylor (2010) consisted of an exploratory method involving collection of qualitative data from open interviews with 15 female sex offenders post-arrest. These

Identifying complication of drinking cinnamon to induce labor Essay - 1

Identifying complication of drinking cinnamon to induce labor - Essay ExampleBeing a secondary data collection method, it will involve access to articles with related literature and also establishing a strong understanding of the relationship between the practise of the cinnamon sticks and the success rate of child birth. Therefore, the major source of the information will be secondary references which will have a strong snap on the development of the literature. Secondary information sources make reference to articles, books, hospital maternal reports and any some other related source of information.Matan, et al (2006) argues that cinnamon sticks can be quite risky for pregnant women who use them to induce labor because they create a situation of toxicity from accumulation. This is especially the case when it is used for an all-encompassing period without attaining the intended results which might top off to the women developing some serious health problems. These problems mig ht lead to the baby also being put at risk (Shields, P. & Rangarjan, 2013). The risk occurs when high toxicity levels in the vex as a result of high consumption of cinnamon reaches the baby. From the study design, information is sedate through a collection of methods which argon all secondary sources. In essence, information is collected from as many secondary sources as possible so that what different authors think about the situation is shared.This is a situation, which has to be avoided at all costs, and it requires that expectant mothers desist from using large amounts of cinnamon sticks in seek to induce labor. This study is useful because it shows that despite the common assumption that the use of cinnamon induces labor, there are instances where it does not. An increase in the amount consumed will not therefore help in any way. In fact, it might make the mother to put her baby at risk as acknowledged. When such cases occur, very(prenominal) little that can be done to save it. However, this study fails to show for how long a mother can take cinnamon sticks before it

Fed Ex Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fed Ex - Case Study ExampleThe key to the success of these policies is that FedEx focuses upon qualities such as speed, teamwork, and precision to expand the companys global appeal. FedEx management encourages innovative thoughts from its everyday employees because it understands the value that they feel to offer. This shows how FedEx is such a good example of management who lead their staff in the right way.FedEx as well as understands the importance of rewarding employees so that their motivation levels will stay high. This is a sign of good leadership because it rewards good behavior through extra incentives. Some of FedExs rewards and recognitions programs are the Humanitarian Award, Five trail Award, and the HR Award of Excellence.Instead of being a reactionary company, FedEx is a proactive company that is of all time looking for ways to improve working conditions for its employees. This is probably why FedEx is an industry leader, because it is always coming up with creativ e ways to motivate staff to perform to the best of their

Professional Development Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

victor evolution Plan - Research Paper ExampleThis paper will make a professional phylogeny plan for a teacher who is committed to creating an academically and culturally diverse classroom. It will also involve a timetable for meeting the goals and a thorough explanation of how the goals will be met. Finally, the paper will palm any obstacles that might hinder an educator from reaching the goals and what the educator will do to overcome them. Professional Development Plan (Sample) Name Will Smith Background/Teaching Context Classes You Teach eleventh and 8th Grade Mathematics, 8th Grade Physics and 6th Grade Web Design. Describe Your civilizeroom Population I teach at an independent K-12 school, in a middle school, in the urban California community. Even though, the school is independent, the mathematics and science curriculums strive to reflect the state and national standards. For this reason, the school only incorporates students who do not do well academically. Describe Y our Classroom and Students My Classroom is approximately 11 by 8 meters with 20 desks all occupied. However, the classroom is filled with white students who do not do well academically. Teaching Philosophy My teaching philosophy focuses on identifying the unique values of every student. severally learner should bring unique preferences, experiences, knowledge and skills to the table. My goal as an educator is to create an academically and culturally diverse classroom where learners feel free to interact and mingle with others. They should also ask questions freely to and sweep up part in activities and discussions. We are all mathematicians and scientists. Everyday mickle observer and gather data or information to solve them so that they could make sense in their lives (Stiles & Mundry, 2009). Mathematics and science are, therefore, significant subjects in students lives. Discipline Knowledge Areas of Strength 1. Mathematics My Bachelors Degree is in Mathematics. I run away to b e incredibly strong in mathematical concepts, which apply to the daily reasoning of someones life. 2. Physics I also hold a Masters degree in Physics. I grew up loving physics and took it as a Masters course after completing my Mathematics Degree. Areas of advancement 1. Biology Biology is an area I struggle with. I only took basic classes, in biology, fleck in high school, but dropped it after the main course selection. I have been urged a equalise of times that I need to understand biology in order to understand the way people function, but I consider this more of a psychological matter than biology. 2. Communication skills. Even though, I consider the way I communicate, with others, to be fair enough, it is always essential to do the best in everything. Goals and Objectives 1. Mindset, Learning and Environment Differentiation My goal is to set up a classroom for students with different mindsets academically. This center that the class will comprise of students who either want to be scientists, musicians, journalists, or any other job. The classroom should also incorporate students who view academics as a tool that opens their minds instead of just a vocation tool. My second goal is to create an environment, which includes students from diverse cultures instead of the usual white community. I seek to create an integrated classroom to support the integrated missions of

Personnel Management in Transition by Frederick Taylor Essay

Personnel forethought in Transition by Frederick Taylor - Essay ExampleThese were the most commonly used methods of work press organization. They were characterized by high levels of division and specialization of labour. These were viewed as the motivating factors for workers as well as increase their output (Redman, T. and Wilkinson, A. 2006 86-93). In the early 20th century, Frederick Taylor developed principles whereby workers worked through division of labor and a consummation based remuneration. Each worker was to be allocated a particular task in a attender to save time and increase production. Fordism took the same perspective of division of labor. It was mainly targeting division of labor in large industries with a characteristic high mechanization where by the process of production of is arranged in a sequence, with each stage of machine operations assigned to a particular operator (Antonio Gramscis 1993 pp. 77-81). However, managers have realized that flexibility facil itates work life balance amongst workers. They are able to control their workings conditions such as the choice of where to work, the time when they should work as well as how they perform in the work. There are several ways through which firms can implement flexibility. These include policies on conciliative hours. Flexibility of working hours allows fulfillment amongst the employees within the place of work as well as outside. This is commonly beneficial to the business through improved productivity amongst the employees, which is attributed to job satisfaction. The employees are able to take tending of family obligations as well as those of the work place (Bratton, J. and Gold, J. 2007 pp. 121-124). In that state, it is most likely that they will be more productive than working under tight schedules that do not allow them to take both other responsibility outside the paid work. The needs of employees towards work life balance are special to individuals.

Explain the differences between periodic and perpetual inventory Essay - 1

Explain the differences between periodic and perpetual broth accounting - Essay exercisingFirst in first out (FIFO) requires that we evaluate the selling stocks on the basis of the address of stocks purchased first. Thus, the cost of stock sold is determined by their first value. Calculation done according to the FIFO inventory system is shared below. For example, we sold 130 units of goods for $240. Hence, cost of goods sold lead be cost of possibleness balance of 20 units of $200 ($4,000), plus 50 units to $210 ($10,500), plus 60 units of $220 ($13,200). Thus, the cost of goods sold go forth be $27,700. Operating profit in this grammatical case is defined as $3500 (31,200 27,700). Accordingly, stocks include 40 units, which will be cost on the basis of the purchase price of $220 per unit with making total worth(predicate) of $8,800 (Harris, 2011).Last in first out (LIFO) requires that we evaluate the selling stocks based on the sequence, the reverse hostelry of their arr ival. Thus, the cost of stock sold is determined by their last price. Our example remains the same, and we sell a total of 130 units at the price of $240 (31,200). The cost of goods sold according to LIFO method is nose candy units for $220 ($22,000) and 30 units to $210 ($6,300), hence, it is estimated that the products sold are worth $28,300. According to the LIFO method our profit in this case is estimated as $2,900 (31200 - 28 300). However, the remaining goods are estimated to be worth $8200 (Carpenter & Boyle, 2012).The method of average cost is the to the highest degree simple and it is one of the most common methods used by companies. Suppose a company has a balance of goods at the beginning of the period, which is 20 units, valued at $200 per unit ($4,000). During the period, it purchased two consignments of 50 units and 100 units at $210 per unit and $220 per unit respectively. However, the company sold 130 units at a price of $240 per unit thus the revenue was $31,200. The cost of goods sold is determined

Multinational Command Relationship Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Multinational Command Relationship - Assignment casingAll the operational aspects leave alone be handled by the US TACON Commander. The constraints that might be difficult to form within the council itself include coordinating the various military branches to act in accordance with each some other against the SAPA in Ahurastan. The most uniformly outcome, with constraints being placed on the ability to define the C2 solutionwould obligate to be complete confuseence to the TACON commander, who would be in charge of the entire operation. This is so that the operation hatful be run smoothlyand, possibly remotelyfrom a secure location whereby U.S. Special Forces provoke control the entire situation or at least influence it to some degree. Undoubtedly, the U.S. Special Forces get out basic totallyy control the entire solution, in effect.The join States has one of the most well-equipped and capable militaries of any force countryand in fact, it is the world leader in these type s of military operations. Basically, every country must defer to the United States because it is in control of this entire mission. There are two advantages to this a) the United States has a hulking military arsenal from which it can draw supplies as well as recruit troops and b) the United States can have full control over whatever is happening, thereby making this an operation which will be acted upon in the U.S.s best foreign policy interests. The two disadvantages to such coordination might be a) the fact that these countries do not want to be told what to do by the United States, i.e., it may be a power play move on the behalf of the U.S. and b) secondly, military intervention by the U.S. could very very much well look the like another occupation of a foreign Asian countrylike Afghanistan. To put the second point into laymans terms, it could also look a lot like the Shock and Awe Iraqi invasion of 2003. The multinational command structure is designed so that all parties can refer to the United States before they take action.

Justice, ethics & morality according to Marx and Nietzsche Research Paper

Justice, ethics & morality according to Marx and Nietzsche - Research Paper grammatical caseThe current order is bound to change and will ultimately be superseded by new unlike form of society. Marx proceeds to argue that historic change is not an arbitrary succession rather it develops by dint of stages and involves progression (Sayers, 2013).Development is divided into several distinct stages or means of production. Feudalism gives way to capitalist economy which is eventually replaced by socialism. Each stage evolves from the previous form as a higher historic form. Each stage of the process is initially constituent to progressive development and is appropriate for its time relational to the conditions which it supersedes. However, each stage of the process constitutes only a transitory stage that inevitably perishes and is replaced by a higher more developed stage (Sayers, 2013).During the course of development, the favorable conditions for the emergence of the next stage set about to establish themselves at heart the present. As the process progresses, the present conditions cease to be progressive and become a hindrance to the process of development. This is the basis of Marxs criticism of capitalism and advocacy for socialism. Marx regards both in historical terms and does not criticize the present on the basis of universal principles, rather it is immanent and carnal knowledge (Elster, 1985).For instant, relative to feudalistic conditions from which capitalism evolves, capitalism is viewed as a progressive development. From the perspective of capitalist society, the hierarchical, feudal system with its privileges and restrictions on commerce, and trade is oppressive and unfair. However, as the conditions for a socialist structure takes shape within capitalism, it becomes a hindrance to further development. From the stand point of a higher society, the capitalist system appears to be an impediment to human development and unjustified. This standpo int emerges as the capitalist society develops and is

Karl Marx and Capitalism Essay Example for Free

Karl Marx and Capitalism EssayIn this paper I allow examine how Karl Marx views capitalism and, to a greater extent specifically, the criticisms he has regarding capitalism. In the first part of the paper I will reconstruct and explain the philosophers argument. In the second part of the paper I will offer my critical evaluation where I will demonstrate how these critiques be still appropriate in todays cabaret by providing examples of how capitalism is affecting the lives of Ameri pile lockers pull down today. However, I will first explain the definition and structure of capitalism. Capitalism is an economic governing body that is near common in the unify States and oft of Western Europe today.It is represented by privatization of companies for intersectionion of goods or servings for a net profit, competitive markets, and wage labor (Capitalism). These individual skills were initially developed from skills that grew out of the economic sequence period known as feud alism and has evolved into individuals who possess certain(a) skills that can aim payment. Although this may depend like it would be an ideal situation for doers and provide a platform to provide a service in re travel for payment of some sort, it soon became evident that there were people who would use this bare-assed system of economics to their advantage.Instead of doing the work themselves, they would find skilled proletarians to provide the service or product under the umbrella of their organization to which they would market and sell the goods for profit. The business owner would make a profit and, in turn, pay the doer a portion for his services provided. Unfortunately, there were others who were un suitable to make the system work for them in such an advantageous manner. Karl Marx had two basic criticisms of capitalism especially in his aliveness of the beginning of the industrial revolution and the formation of factories.His first was the thought that the role p layer suffered from alienation on some(prenominal) different levels. As a capitalistic society succeeds by gaining profit for the companies and business owners, the overall price of goods needed to live to a fault increases. If the wages earned by workers went up consistently with the profits of society and, thus, the increase in the cost of living, all would be good and balanced. However, that is non the case in well-nigh circumstances, in fact, as Marx points out, the worker becomes an ever cheaper commodity the more goods he creates (Johnson 261).In other words, as the issue increases the cost to publish is lowered. The business owner sees those profits in the gross profit obtained by the sale of goods however, the worker is generally non compensated in a fair and equitable manner. This turns a skill which may or may not bring in been a passion at unrivalled time into something that the worker is constrained to do whether they desire to do so or not. Even if a worker enj oyed his occupation, chances are, he or she is being forced to comply with guidelines or standards set by mortal else.As a worker you are still not truly free to produce your work according to your standards so you are, in essence, alienating yourself from the product of your work. According to Marx, capitalism has similarly produced an alienation from nature. He states that the capitalistic society conceals this alienation because it does not examine the direct relationship between the worker and production (Johnson 263). Essentially, the labor of the worker may produce wonderful and beautiful things for the wealthy individuals but oftentimes the functional class population may neer get to experience the beauty for themselves.Furthermore, the workers identity is often preoccupied within their job and they do not have the sum to express their individuality. This is identified by Marx as being estranged from yourself and from your labor. Most people do not proclaim their uniqu eness in slipway that focus around their occupation. Even in a highly sought after job you may, for a time, feel as if that encompasses who you truly are, but it is only a small part of your being your essence. This also ties in to another alienation theme of Marx which is the alienation from your species as a human being.According to Marx, the worker feels himself to be freely active only in his animal function eating, drinking, and procreating, or at most also in his dwelling and in personal adornment while in his human functions he is cut to animal (Johnson 264). In other words, as workers we are often free only when we are allowed to do what we want to do instead of what is demanded and required of us at our jobs. When this happens, we are often reduced to a more animalistic approach to fulfilling our needs.Finally, Marx contends that in a apitalistic society, the worker is alienated from others. Because there is so much competition in capitalism which is the driving force for production and profits it causes a hostile surround among workers. Many are competing for the same position or the same customer or account. This competition causes a friction within the frame of society that pits individual against individual which is what leads us into the next matter of contest with Marx in his views of capitalism which is exploitation.He claims that private property has made us so stupid and incomplete that an object is only ours when we have it, when it exists for us as capital or when it is directly eaten, drunk, worn, inhabited, etc. , in short, utilized in some way although private property itself only conceives these various forms of possession as means of life, and the life for which they serve as means is the life of private property labor and creative activity of capital (Johnson 266). People have become so bourgeois in our capitalistic society that they are d pluckn to all means by which to obtain their measures of status.Because of this, the workers are driven to give into demands made by their employers in order to make the wages necessary to maintain their standard of living. Since the workers are plentiful, the products are also plentiful, which discussed earlier creates a larger bottom line for the profit of the company or business owner. However, horizontal though the profits are increased for the business owners of the capitalistic society, the wages are often not as high as the profit. Thus, the value of the product is high while keeping the value of the worker low.This is a classic example of exploitation. I think that the criticisms offered by Marx are still applicable in todays society in the United States. I think that the worker is indeed alienated from his true identity as an individual. Before the onset of industrialized production there was a certain pride associated with ones occupation whether that was as a craftsman in wood, as a blacksmith, tailor, or bricklayer. No matter your profession, you were a ble to express your individuality and impart your character into the product of your work.Sadly, this is not the case with the workers of today. They are often subject to limitations and expectations that hinder their creative ability and they are forced to produce that are a poor representation of their ability or personality. Most people are forced into positions they dont even want to be in professionally because they need to make a certain amount of money to pay for their wants and needs. This creates a frustration and dissatisfaction that reaches far beyond the walls of the factory or office.It is no wonder that most workers today dread Monday mornings and count the days until five o quantify Friday afternoon. Again and again, the energy level increases as the weekend approaches. There is a common sentiment that states everybody is alone working(a) for the weekend. This is because workers are dissatisfied with their jobs and feel undervalued and taken advantage of in many cir cumstances. Once the working day ends, the freedom begins for the worker. This is often why the bars have a happy hour as this is where the worker can forget the troubles of the day and throw back a drink or two and in the end relax.The economic conditions of living in an industrialized society has turned the ordinary worker into a materialistic consumer that generally far outreaches his or her ability to afford to keep up with the Jones. Because many feel the twinge of this forced societal expectations to possess certain items, live in a certain neighborhood, d rive the right car all while wearing the right clothes and accessories we as workers in the United States have been put in the unfortunate and unbalanced position of much more want than means by which to provide it.As long as that continues, we are stuck in a cycle of never ending wants that never truly satisfy because they are not meeting what is truly needed in our lives. Marx claims that the human being had to be reduc ed to this absolute poverty in order to be able to give birth to all his inner wealth (Johnson 268). In a capitalistic society it is encouraged, and even necessary, to consume what is being produced in order for capitalism to continue to grow.Todays worker can do this in moderation, without putting themselves or their families in such a position to further match to the frustration of meeting expectations and demands at a workplace that is unfulfilling to their existence. Furthermore, I think that labor unions were formed in the early 1900s in order to protect workers from exploitation of greedy business owners. At the turn of the century, many workers were expected to work long hours almost every day of the week.There were unsafe working environments s well as high quotas being placed on workers from employers with minimal compensation to the workers. all(a) of this was so the profits could rise as production was increased. There seemed no reason to pay more in wages by adding work ers or in higher salaries for the existing employees when the business owners could simply demand more from their current workforce. Also, working conditions were often unsafe while trying to maximize workspace with the maximum quash of workers without actually increasing the area being used.Because of labor unions working conditions have improved greatly for the worker in America there are 40 hour work weeks with compensation for additional hours worked guidelines have been implemented to make for safer working conditions and there is more room for negotiation for fair wages without attention of retaliation by employers. Although labor unions are still in existence today, they have much less(prenominal) impact than they had in the past.Politicians are close bedfellows with the corporate executives across our nation and policies are ever ever-changing to benefit the corporation and business owners while causing the worker to suffer the consequences. Even though there have been gre at improvements in regard to the criticisms of alienation and exploitation that Marx had against capitalism, I believe they still exist. Marx may have not been of this century but I feel his observations are still valid in todays world.

Exam on inpatient and outpatient codinhg Essay Example for Free

Exam on inpatient and outpatient codinhg Essay1. The three goals of the Physicians Payment Reform ar to step-down Medicare expenditures. As well as redistribute physicians payments more equitably. Also to ensure character health care at a reasonable rate.2. I would use modifier -57, decision for surgical operation with the E/M code for this case. Due to the E/M service and the decision for surgery were make earlier that same day.3. There are three genes of the relative value unit the first component is work, which is the amount of time, the intensity of effort and the technical expertise required for the physician to provide the service. The second would be the overhead component also known as the practice expense, it is place as the allocation of cost associated with the physicians practice (ex. Staffing) that must be expended in order to provide a service. The third component is malpractice and is identified as the cost of the checkup exam malpractice insurance cover age/ risk associated with providing the service.4. People age 65 and older, along with patients who are experiencing end-stage renal disease are both eligible for Medicare. As well as race who are eligible for disability benefits from social security, they are too covered by the Medicare program.5. To make up ones mind the master(prenominal) terms in the index of the CPT you must use these basic location methods, you must search by the service or the procedure, the anatomic site, condition or disease. You also could use synonyms, eponyms or abbreviations to find main terms in the index.6. The E/M code 99253 would be used to report an sign impatient consultation. With a critical history and exam along with a MDM of low complexity.7. There are many elements when considering the correct E/M code. There are four elements of history which include chief(prenominal) complaint, history of present illness, as well as review of symptoms and past, family, and/or social history.8. The com plexity of medical decision making is base doff of three elements which are the number of diagnosis or anxiety options. These options can be minimal, limited, multiple or extensive. The nest element is the amount and/or the complexity of selective information to review. The data can be minimal or none, limited, moderate or extensive. The last element of medical decision making is the risk of complication or death if the condition goes untreated. This risk can be minimal, low, moderate or high.9. The correct CPT code is 99214 due to the detailed history. As well as the detailed exam and a MDM of moderate complexity.10. There are three key components present in any patients case except counseling encounters and/or time based codes. The three components are the history, the level of examination, the level of medical decision making. These components allow us coders to choose the appropriate level of service.

Advantages of Group Decision-Making Essay Example for Free

Advantages of Group Decision-Making raiseFirstly, meeting decision making from experts in different aras is beneficial to solve complicate problems. For instance, in a small corporation, boss often makes suggestions by himself the result of his behavior relies on the ability of the boss. So in that respect are cases when he kittyt make things right, which may be serious fault to the act of a company. However, people with different backgrounds consider the problems more carefully and comprehensively, as a result, running the company will be in less risk. Secondly, people making decisions in classs are eager to jut more risks individually. Decisions come with risks.People who make the wrong decision will take the responsibility. A contradiction in terms rises up when they attempt to avoid being wrong and at the same time, solve problems correctly. As a result, people will somewhat not dare to make the final decision. Nevertheless, group decision makers can share the risks because each of them has responsibility for the suggestions to the problem. Moreover, individual risks are decreased when some others rectify the suggestion for him or her. 2.Disadvantages of group decision-makingFirstly, low efficiency in decision-making, everyone has his own opinions and under certain circumstances such as brainstorming, it costs more time to decide what to do by group decision-making than by personal decision-making. If things go well, the results will come egress quickly. But if each of them in a group cant comprise in the end, nothing will be achieved. For example, there is news from CCTV about the 2012 DOHA mood Change Conference, Nearly 200 countries haggling over how to stop climate change and how to pay for it failed to tinct a deal on schedule Friday. That sets the stage for the wrangling to continue late into the night.Things like these are usually occurred when a large number of people attend. Finally, the conference extended until they arrive at an agreement. Secondly, group decision-making will lose effectiveness when people are not likely to put up with suggestions out of some reasons. In such cases, the leader of the group will be the only one who does decision-making, which has no diffidence with personal decision-making. All the members of the group should have equal opportunities and are willing to speak out. Then, group decision-making functions better in dealing with problems.

Harley-Davidson Inc Essay Example for Free

Harley-Davidson Inc sampleThis case understand analyzes the differentiation st investgy adopted by Harley-Davidson Inc. to differentiate itself from the competition. Further, it allow for address the issues and challenges face by Harley- Davidson Inc. cod to changing demographics and financial turmoil. And last but non least the case study will give an idea of what strategies Harley- Davidson Inc. could apply in the future so that it could sustain and enhance its agonistical position.There are two generic business level strategies to yield a higher rate of profit over a rival according to M. Porter. First, a firm can revolve around on cost blend inership, which generates economic value by having lower costs than competitors. Second, a firm can focus on harvest-feast differentiation and generates economic value by offering a growth that customers cull over the fruits of competitors. In other words the firm provides something unique that is valuable to buyers beyond offering the product at a low price.Harley-Davidson Inc. does not focus on cost leadership, but on product differentiation. Its tangible dimensions of differentiation are among other things its classic style that had characterized Harleys since its early years, the ability to personalize the pedal according to geniuss taste, the super-heavyweight cruiser bikes it sells and the wide price range. Moreover, H.D. offers a wide pre- and after- sales service that obliges dealers to carry a full line of Harley replacement parts and accessories and to perform service on Harley bikes, it offers test ride facilities, rider instruction classes, pedal rental, assistance for owners in customizing their bikes through dealer- mingyd design centers and chrome consultants, insurance services and unshared dealerships.Its intangible dimensions of differentiation are its unique image, status, exclusivity and identity. Thus, H.D does in corporeal the American lifestyle, stands for individuality, f reedom, toughness and adventure and can be seen as the ultimate biker status. Some people might even state that it demos something close to a faith or a family. H.D. realized the HOG, a community where Harley Owners meet and interact with other Harley owners and where Harleys employees participate eagerly. That way H.D. could create a strong loyalty among Harley owners by creating a Harley experience and a unique relationship with its customers.Harley console focuses mainly on the Baby Boomer generation, customers that are now age 35 and 54, male and set class and on heavyweight cruiser motorcycles, which prioritize the statement of style over either treasure or speed up.In summary H.D. applied a differentiation strategy wherein it targeted specific products at inlet segments (heavyweight cruiser motorcycles). The brand has a cult status among its loyal clientele and characterizes adventure, freedom, tradition and power. By differentiating its product from the products of co mpetitors H.D. was able to command a premium for its products.Further, H.D. resources and capabilities are compared to those of one of his competitors taking the example of Honda. H.D. represents one of the antiquatedest motorcycle brands in the US. They are designed, engineered, assembled and built in the U.S.A. Honda designs and builds its motorcycles in Japan. Whereas Honda is known for the best weight to power ratios, emphasizes speed and power and aims at a younger clientele, H.M. is known for its cruiser motorcycles which prioritize the statement of style over either comfort or speed and are mainly bought by customers between age 35 and 54. Further, H.D. competes with Honda by excessively building performance motorcycles (Buell Motorcycles) and Honda competes with H.D. by also building cruisers targeting H.D.Due to the smaller corporate size and inability to share RD across cars and bikes H.D.s ability to invest in technology and new products is limited. Thus, approximately of Harleys product development efforts in the past were limited to style changes, new paint designs and engineering improvements. In contrary, Honda has been continuously pursuing advancement of new technologies and new products. Thus, it puts emphasis on innovation in burn down and Engine Technology. Because of the advanced nature of their research, Honda has a strong first-mover advantage over competitors such as H.D. It will be difficult for H.D., which does not actively pursue his own research to catch up with Honda. Moreover, Honda does also have a strong brand loyalty (64% vs. 48% Industry Average) and it offers multiple lines (cars, motorcycles, mowers). Further, Honda does cultivate aggregated production, whereas H.D. offers highly customized products, which allows H.D. to premium pricing.Moreover, Honda successfully continues to broaden the sales distribution base beyond the North American and Japanese markets to Asia, Russia and Europe. H.D. sells the American lifestyle and is rooted in American culture. The European motorcycle market focuses on performance bikes (70%) and not on H.D.s specialty, the cruisers (only 30%). Those circumstances lead to difficulties for H.D. regarding its position in the European market. Difficulties Honda does not have. To extend its European charge H.D. bought the MV Agusta Group, which has two families of motorcycles, a line of exclusive, premium, high-performance sport motorcycles and a lightweight motorcycle to comply with the demand on the European market.H.D. is thus facing the threat of maturation advantages of determined competitors. Market shares on the international market continue to grow for other firms. Demographic changes represent a threat to H.D. because of the aging customer base H.D. does have. The owners continue to age (Baby Boomer generation and short they are too old to ride their bikes.Another threat is the economic recession. Customers are staying away due to less buying power. H.D. had to c ut jobs and to close production facilities. Further, EUs motorcycle noise standards and pollution and emission standards that are not up to level of some countries represent a threat to H.D.Because of the aging customer base H.D. should market and position their products to the right market segment. Since the original H.D. customers are soon to be too old to ride their motorcycles H.D. could apply a multi-generational and multi-cultural marketing strategy that also includes young adults and women. In order to make it H.D. needs to supply different types of bikes with different brand images to appeal to different and changing types of customers. H.D. could then upgrade take action in increasing their market share internationally by expanding their current presence and reaching new international markets and creating value for its brand outside the U.S.Further, H.D. should focus on the Harley brand by leveraging unique H.D. strenghts. It should abandon the Buell line of sport bikes a nd the Agusta line. Moreover, H.D. should develop its technology to increase automation. This will lead to cheaper labor and to a more efficient customization. What H.D. should not do is lowering its customization level since customization also represents one of H.D.s highest assets for their brand.To get access to high-level technological capabilities H.D. could merge with groups like Renault/Nissan who bring Japanese manufacturing skills or Volkswagen, who has sensitive Eastern European experience.

Religion and Grand Zoroastrian Nation Essay Example for Free

Religion and Grand Zoroastrian Nation EssayIt fills my center of attention with joy unspeakable to rise in response to the warm and cordial welcome which you have presumption us. I thank you in the name of the most ancient order of monks in the world I thank you in the name of the mother of religions and I thank you in the name of the millions and millions of Hindu heap of only classes and sects. My thanks, also to some of the speakers on this platform who, referring to the delegates from the Orient, have told you that these men from far-off nations may well(p) claim the honour of bearing to different lands the idea of toleration. I am proud to belong to a religion which has taught the world both tolerance and customary acceptance. We believe not only in universal toleration, but we accept all religions as true. I am proud to belong to a nation, which has shelter the persecuted, and the refugees of all religion and all nations of the earth.I am proud to tell you that we ha ve gathered in our bosom the purest remnant of the Israelites, who came to southern India and took refuge with us in the very year in which their saintly temple was shattered to pieces by Roman tyranny. I am proud to belong to the religion, which has sheltered and is unbosom fostering the remnant of the grand Zoroastrian nation. I will quote to you, brethren, a few lines from a hymn which I remember to have repeated from my earliest boyhood, which is every day repeated by millions of human beings As the different streams having their sources in different places all mingle their water in the sea, so, O Lord, the different paths which men take through different tendencies various though they appear, crooked or straight, all lead to Thee.Quoted from Siva Mahimnah Stotram 7. The present convention, which is one of the most august assemblies ever held, is in itself a defending team a declaration to the world of the wonderful doctrine preached in the Gita Whosoever comes to Me, through whatsoever form I reach him all men are struggling through paths which in the end lead to Me. Quoted from Geeta 411. Sectarianism, bigotry, and its horrible descendant, fanaticism, have long possessed this beautiful earth. They have filled the earth with violence, drenched it much and often with human blood, destroyed civilization, and sent whole nations to despair. Had it not been for these horrible demons, human society would be far more advancedthan it is now. But their time is come and I fervently hope that the ships bell that tolled this morning in honour of this convention may be the death-knell of all fanaticism, of all persecutions with the sword or with the pen, and of all uncharitable feelings between persons wending their way to the same goal.

Most Influential Books on Leadership Essay Example for Free

Most Influential Books on Leadership tasteLeadership is an issue which has been in the limelight in every aspect of human governance. Human phylogeny has been linked with management and directions which be part of leaders. Various characteristics of leadership have whence been identified from motley areas in life. This paper aims at identifying three different types of harbours on leadership which are recognized to be the most influential. The first choice is the book Talent Is Never Enough Dis engender the Choices That Will get into You beyond Your Talent by legerdemain C. Maxwell . The antecedent holds that genius is never enough in leadership.There are many different people in the whole world , thus show that talent will never end. Nevertheless if acquiring that talent were just enough for everybody, then we would whole be at a higher level and being full of potentials. There are therefore other things that need to be included in our talents so as to be able to control those opportunities especially when it comes to business. People need to come up with other discoveries which would take them more steps beyond the talents they have. In businesses today, most leaders mostly concentrate more on the talents they have alone.The writer of this book, who in this case is a known expert in leadership John C. Maxwell argues that this is not the righteousness way to achieving success. In his discourse, he describes how highly talented people who are globally known would be very successful if talent was the only contingency for that matter . That is not however the case. The book goes on to place more emphasis and support the writers decision by highlighting the occurrence that society is full of people who could have been great men and women if only they used other ideas isolated from what they call talent.The author talks of prominent people like Jefferson, Nameth, Churchill, Bono, Oprah, and Dickens whom, apart from their talents, went steps in the lead to the next level of increasing their talents and maximizing it to improve the world. They employed more efforts to what they discovered as their talent to capture other opportunities in life. That is why they are the talk of the world. According to Max, talent should therefore be present. It should however be followed by other measures that improve it. With different examples given of those people who maximized their talents, there are a few who did not.The author thus goes ahead to encourage the reader to support the authors views and improve their lives by giving thirteen key choices one can adopt to become a person with advance and maximized talent (Maxwell J. C(2009). The second selection of the most influential leadership books that I would recommend is The Skinny of the subterfuge of Persuasion by Jim Randel. In leadership, suasion is one of the most key skills that a leader should posses. This book provides sound and detailed information on persuasion in lea dership. Moreover, it offers other important recommendations on persuasion from various prominent leaders.The book advices on persuasion thanks to the particular that the author is an attorney anyway being well experienced in the field. Further, apart from his experience Randel quotes people like Kevin Hogan, James Speakman, Dave Lakhani, Dale Carnegie, Robert Cialdini, tom turkey Hopkins, Malcolm Gladwell, and others in his discussion on persuasion in leadership. This approach puts more emphasis on the authors concept. He states that persuasion basically involves integrity. To add to his topic, Randell gives his personal life stories regarding leadership which s gutter bothers him till then.To understand and get acquainted with what he is insinuating, his book finalizes with tips which are easy to understand about a good persuader in leadership (Alegre M. 2010). The third influential book on leadership is John Ferlings new book on The Ascent of George Washington. It talks about the relationship between leadership and education. It is very important -especially in the current world to link leadership with the educational backgrounds of those aspiring to be leaders in future. George Washington was an educated man in leadership. He had focus in his political relation due to the great boost from his education.This is an ideal model of how leaders should learn to lead others. The author in this book goes ahead to reveal Washington as a political genius due to the fact that he was politically focused, ambitious, and was driven to succeed. Although described by the author as the most untactful and suspensive in times of crises, Washington was the only right person to lead Americans to independence. His character, boldness, judgment, industriousness, determination, and skillful political persuasion were remarkable. It is a book that explains how one does not need to be perfect to achieve greatness (Alegre M. 010).Therefore, these books cover some of the most imp ortant aspects of leadership which most people fail to identify while leash others. Since most of us are leaders in one way or another, it is equally important to consider reviewing such influential leadership books to acquire various tips of leadership and also as state by Maxwell to improve our talents in leadership. This strategy will not only boost our leadership qualities, but will also enable us to identify new opportunities in life and be able to pursue only the best of them.

The Camera Never Lies Essay Example for Free

The buckic camera Never Lies EssayIt is usually thought that icongraphs are a little slice of the authoritative world. Traditionally, they beat played the rule of adding realism to written text editionual matter. The text becomes a commentary of the frozen shot of real life encapsulated in the photograph.However it could be argued that this is not the case. There are several aspects of the photographic catch, which pull ahead it less than real.These aspects all nominate different ways of showing that cameras arent continuously correctly right. Even sincere establishs privy represent a number of qualities. It is possible to understand a number of different meanings from iodin picture, this is called decoding. For instance visual images lowlife be false by editing and cropping detail out of the photographs/pictures. This litigate changes the frame and can sometimes exclude main or minor parts of the picture. These missing images at times can guts up the authors article and help the audience understand the meaning. Cropping occurs in the media to suit the audience and to express the opinions of the writer. We can also argue photographs can distort the truth by the selection of the picture.The fable always is chosen for a particular change surfacet or story, but the final image is selected from a wide range of material. This allows the author flexibility, in choosing the correct image for his motive in his text. Sometimes the pictures arent always appropriate, but involve certain ways of backing up the article. As the photographs entirely show genius aspect of the situation, the image could always be unrepresentative and tell whiley different stories from the single picture. These images frequently make statements about the link between what is being displayed in the photograph and the type of person consider the article. The picture can be misleading a bare no relation to the text. This is a wide simulation of poor selection of p hotographic material. any photographs are not reality, but iconic signs. iconic sings are a way of demonstrating a particular subject. When we observe a photograph in print, it is only a symbol not the real image as we see in real life. All pictures hand over captions describing the image the captions anchor the meaning of a photograph which offers a clear preferred reading. The text of the article also performs and shows this function. A photograph alone without a caption can be interpreted in various ways.As well as having iconic meaning, photos make meaning and signify because of the associations we have with the image. Denotation is the simple literal meaning of all the images viewed in the picture, basically defining the illustration. On the separate hand connation is the associations we have with the sketch. These associations are viewed in many different ways and automatically display and hint numerous opinions on certain situations.The top photograph (Fig.1) shows Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness leadership of Shin Fane situated outside a conference surrounded by the media. The denotation in this image shows the leaders surrounded by paparzates, carve up by some form of barrier. Barbed wire fencing is in the rear of the photograph this gives the ruling of security and restriction.A lot of race are surrounding the leaders, giving the feeling of interest or trouble. The connation of the sketch is basically of immense interest in these powerful Shin Fane leaders. With the photograph being interpreted so far away from the incident its hard for individuals to be identified and described. This particular photo was credibly selected for this quality, to show the mass interest. The barrier shows disgrace for Shin Fane, with the leaders being barred from the conference. This specific image is chosen as an mannequin to show the media had interest in Shin Fane. Having no open text it is difficult for the reader to know exactly what is occurring, it wo uld be impossible to guess what the photograph is trying to display.In the photograph (Fig.2) it shows the viewer a shutdown up of Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness, behind bars. This gives a dramatic feeling of elision and shame. The denotation in this image is easy to identify and describe with the shot being so close and clear. We can view two very well known faces, restricted from going into somewhere with hard bars. The Shin Fane leaders are dressed formally, which gives the impression of the conference being important and themselves being powerful. In the background faded faces can be seen, this can be interpreted in various ways. For example Shin Fane Supporters/Shin Fane Protestors or Paparzates.The connation is one of power and conflict this particular picture of the leaders gives packaging for their cause. This image has a closer propaganda feeling, and the bars give a feeling of jail and prison, which makes the photo yet much dramatic. Its easy to understand what t he picture is displaying, even without a caption. The difference between Fig.1 and Fig.2 is that the leaders can be identified easily and not so more is occurring in the image, which makes it easily understandable.In photograph Fig.3 The Mobs Brief Rule, the first impression is that it shows an argument between a protestor being held by police and a West End Shopper. The caption below this endorses this impression. The donation in this image is that there is a riot- taking place, with people being restrained by the Police and non-protestors being caught up in the chaos. In the background we can clearly see the West-End buildings and a telephone box. The connation in this photo is that the male protestor is being restrained presumably for wrongdoing and the by-passer has entered in conversation with him. Without the caption this photograph is simple to follow and gives you a slight savvy of the disorder.Having read the accompanying letter to the editor from the eye-witness (West E nd Shopper), it is obvious the camera can be misinterpreted and this is an example how the media can use images to achieve a particular purpose. The letter explains exactly what did happen, which was that the shopper was walking down the highroad in the early evening hearing a group of cheerful poll-tax protestors. With police aligned along the pavements, the lady suddenly saw four of the riot squad police grab a issue girl in her late teens for no reason and brutally forced her onto the crowd control railings. The man you view in the image is her boyfriend recklessly trying to reach for her, but being held back by a policeman. The lady is urging the man to calm down or he get out be arrested, she is not having an argument with him as your first impressions thought.I looked at the same events reported in two different sunlight papers, to see if they had represented the photographs differently. The subject of these images is the same, but the photographs attached to the article d iffer.Reports on the Israel ConflictThe Sunday Times and The Sunday Express wrote articles on the Israel conflict, each took a different get on on the issue. Both photographs in the papers produce the same sort of meaning just in different ways.The Sunday Times took a conservative attitude to the conflict in as much as the article dealt only with the Israel Conflict. The photograph (Fig.4) aboard the article shows President crotch hair casually dressed in typical Texan fashion. It was very informal and displayed the idea of him and Tony Blair being chums. In the image Bush and Blair are seen to be united together, which reflects the text in the article. The denotation of the picture shows the two powerful, respected leaders together. Blair supports Bush and pays compliments for the Presidents U-turn on Israel. The connation in this photo implies American society and the United Kingdom have combined together to sort out problems over in the Middle East. The caption on this photo d oesnt exactly reflect much of the article, but gives the reader some idea about them uniting and the humour they will have over in the Middle East. Unlike some images, without any open text this photo could mean a variety of things.The Sunday Express included a similar article, which was more dramatic and combined the two issues of the Israel Conflict along with the possibility of war within Iraq. The photograph (Fig.5) alongside was more formal showing the president handshaking Tony Blair. The image is personally more appropriate than the Sunday Times photo, with the denotation showing the two countries flag in the background and them both being in recognized clothing. This particular photo has been chosen because it is simple with few figures and it portrays a strong meaningful picture for this serious article. The connation implies the same issue as in the new(prenominal) Sunday paper, showing them becoming united. With the handshake and them looking pleased in this image you speculate something respectable has happened. Unlike the other image you have a vague idea of the situation without the open text caption.The next photograph (Fig.6) Im going see appeared in the Mirror, alongside articles paying tribute to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mothers funeral. The denotation shows Lady Thatcher and her husband Dennis taking their seats in Westminster Abbey. This image is a good example of misrepresentation as with out the caption the read would have no idea what was happening. The connation in the left picture could imply just heartbreak or Dennis having an accident. Their expressions do not indicate any physical injury. In contrast the photo on the right, gives more idea that Lady Thatcher is the one in pain. With the caption we can tell she is in torturing due to Dennis treading on her toes. This article seemed rather out of place, alongside the funeral tributes.After analysing these five different images, I have learnt due to editing and selection photos can misrepresent the truth. The Media producers are constantly competiting with each other to make money. New and exciting ways of representing information/pictures can have impact and ensure success. A good photograph of something can help audiences make sense of a complicated issue. The media uses photographs that will hopefully not date and always support the authors text. Without cropping, selection and photographs being anchored, the images would put across a more truthful statement. As can be seen from my examples, the camera can distort the truth or even lie.

Literacy Instruction and Difficulties with Reading Essay Example for Free

Literacy Instruction and Difficulties with Reading EssayIn todays world the consequences of having students attain low achievement scores in meter keep in line house be very detrimental to both individuals and society. Students who argon attaining low achievement records in literacy often correspond with the school dropout rate, poverty, and unemployment. Also the gap between instruction achievement of poor and middle class students is substantial, life history for a federal regulation to ensure equal opportunities for entirely students no matter where they may be attending school. The standards movement and evidence- base query drive out bugger off a great impact on how literacy programs atomic number 18 used in the classroom. Evidence-based interlingual rendition affirmation means that a particular selecting program has a record of success. The program was tested with a group of students and at that place is data to show the result of the research conducted. The se programs atomic number 18 reliable and valid in saying that the children can be expected to make nice gains in reading achievement. Evidence-based research can be very doful when trying to find the counterbalance literacy program to use. As there are many polar types of students who learn in different ways, there will never be one single successful method of t apieceing children to read.When teachers are looking for literacy programs to use they should be investigating how old the students were, their current reading level, what type of setting it took place in, and if it was conducted on a one-on-one or group basis. Teachers want to find programs that hand over been successful and relate to their cause current setting. It is crucial to make sure that the program is applicable to the students and their blank space in order to have an opportunity for the program to work. An other(a) great idea is to use this research to create your own programs based on your findings.The teacher is now becoming a teacher-researcher in order to test their own situation with their created program. This is a great way to create a program for your unique students and still have the recrudesce of research that has been shown to work. If the program is successful, it is a great idea to share it with other colleagues because it may be affective for them as well. As with any type of instruction method there are always positives and negatives. Evidence-based reading instruction promotes the fact that that particular method has had a record of being successful.Teachers can look into studies that have been tested on students similar to their own, and give these programs a try. They have been shown to be successful and provide instruction that lead to a higher literacy achievement for that group of similar students. In doing this, you know there is a good chance that the method can work with your students, as opposed to trying something new that has no research to back it up . These research studies show wherefore and how the program workings, along with providing data showing the deflexion it has made with the students.As stated earlier, not every child has the capacity to learn the same way. What works for one student, may not work for another. So even though these programs have been shown to work, they are not guaranteed to work for your students. As teachers in the United States we will be teaching students that come from many different cultural backgrounds. Different cultures have different opinions on the best way to educate students, however they all place great value on education for children. Some of these students may just be education to speak side of meat, while others have lived in the United States for their whole lives.It is of the essence(p), as the teacher, to get to know each student and their cultural background. This allows you to hear the needs of the child and how they can be met. Discover the childs strengths and weaknesses and create a plan that can be used to help that child. It is important to know what is important to each student and what may be stressed in the home. The teacher needs to take into love how different cultural backgrounds of students may affect the classroom dynamics and scholarship.Students may also have certain(a) behaviors that are taking place in the classroom, but it could be a cultural reason for why that is taking place. The largest student group identified receiving special education services is students with study disabilities. A learning disability is a general term that refers to a group of disorders where students may face difficulty. These disorders include learning to read, write, speak, listen, or do math. Out of all the students with learning disabilities about 80% have been diagnosed with having a reading problem.The goal for students with learning disabilities, especially reading disorders, is to be on the same academic level as our general education students. For some this is an attainable goal, where for others it is not. There are many ways we can help these students improve their literacy skills. Since many of these students are reading below grade level we need to provide them with reading materials that are at their current level. If it is too difficult they will become frustrated and may give up.These students need high interest, easy to read books so that they can begin to enjoy reading and see themselves as readers and learners. In todays schools more than 20% of school aged children speak languages other than English at home. Many of these children have difficulty speaking English and the majority of these students having difficulty are speaking Spanish in their homes. English Language Learners need to be able to read, write and understand the English language in order to become successful in todays classrooms.We should be focusing on the students strengths in order to help them understand English. One dodge is allowing student s to read in their domestic language if they are literate in that language. This allows them to understand the same reading as another child who may be reading it in English. Many times these students are seen as reading on a lower level, but it is only because of a language barrier. They tire outt understand how to read in English. There are also many books that come with translations.Having students read a book in their language and then trying to read it in English can be helpful because they understand and know what the story is about, so when they face difficulty understanding the English version they can compare and figure it out. In doing this they can also make connections to many spoken language in their own language by using cognates. This can foster comprehension by activation prior knowledge in both languages. It is important to allow them the opportunity to read in their native language because it offers a sense of comfort and success to the student.

Summary and Response Essay Example for Free

Summary and Response EssaySummary In You Have the veracious to Remain a Target of Racial Profiling, syndicated columnist Eugene Robinson tries to impress upon his readers that racial profiling is still use by todays police force force. Mr. Robinson utilizes statistics from the U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, to make his point. These statistics atomic number 18 interpreted from the federal official criminal justice system. Based on these statistics, he states that minorities (primarily blacks) are at least in two ways as liable(predicate) to have their vehicle searched on a r appearine traffic limp. Mr. Robinson further points out the fact that minorities are statistically more likely to receive a citation, where whites are more likely to receive a verbal warning. Finally, Mr. Robinson makes the statement that if all individuals pulled over were searched equally that police would uncover exhibit of tens of thousands more crimes annually.This sta tement is not goed by Bureau of Justice Statistics, as is the rest of the article, scarcely is strictly conjecture. Response Your article titled, You Have the Right to Remain a Target of Racial Profiling, is a compelling argument that racial profiling still exists and is being used in our Federal police force. I emphasize Federal since the statistics you use are only gathered from Federal cases. You infer, through omission, that these statistics support all traffic violations. I must confess that I agree that it exists on some train everywhere, but not that its as ubiquitous as you claim. Profiling is nothing more than a compilation of words like determine, assess, judge, weigh, evaluate, etc. All are used to statistically determine a predictable manner. You erroneously use the term Racial Profiling when the statistics more accurately suggest the use of the approved profiling method called Offender Profiling. We, as a society, empower our police with the authority to do wrongdo er profiling in service to the public.I certainly dont compulsion to clam up on an officers judgment, to conduct a search, based on your claims that its not done uniformly. Do you want to be solely responsible for coming up with a list of traffic stop DOs and DONTs for officers? Remember, you would be held accountable for any adverse situations that come as a result. I cant help but detect some underlying accusations of racism in your column. In your claims you simplify things down to the numbers, in an effort to appear objective, but your math have the appearance _or_ semblances to be in error. The Federal Bureau of Statistics doesnt account for the extenuating circumstances associated with the traffic stops you cite.Each traffic stop is an individual case that must be handled accordingly. It cant be boiled down to undecomposable math. Both parties are equally responsible for their conduct during a traffic stop. You fairly admit that blacks are less willing to concede they have been caught dead to rights in a traffic stop, but seem to exonerate their admitted cynical behavior. You want to hold the officer responsible for not only himself, but the actions of the offender as well. Fair is fair, you cant responsibly make accusations based on half facts and seemingly biased conjecture. That type of rhetoric is designed to inflame racial prejudices rather than express umbrage closely an unfair process. I wonder what you were really trying to say, and what ulterior motives you have.

Indian Luxury Consumer Essay Example for Free

Indian extravagance Consumer EssayThe Indian Luxury Consumer Rapidly maturing and looking for to a greater extent Any study of the graduate(prenominal) life market take aways to conclusively address core questions rough the extravagance guest Who, What and Where. To fully understand answers to these questions, we interviewed following and prospective customers across various locations, income and age radicals. We in like manner interviewed industry leaders across all prodigality categories on the Indian consumer and the changes that they acquit observe over the final stage few years. In this section, we shall provide answers to three basic questions 1. What constitutes sumptuosity in India? 2. Who is the opulence consumer?What has changed in the stomach 2-3 years? 3. How is the behavior of the luxury consumer changing? 4. What atomic number 18 their specific tastes and picks? 5. Where do they make their leverage? Luxury in India more(prenominal) aspiratio nal luxury than ultimate luxury Industry leaders across categories believe that luxury is non only determined by hurt. Exclusivity is a remote more valuable parameter for a product or service to be called luxury. As such customization, uniqueness, and even understatement is important. Design, use of exquisite materials, founding and undergroundized service all contri simplye to luxury.Consumers in addition talk about exclusivity, uniqueness and appeal to personal taste. This is not as yet corroborated by increased sales of ultimate and subtle luxury products. The legal age of the market is still far a flair from this definition and brand/logo/badge value carry luxury purchases very intelligibly. Size, flashiness, clearly visible logos, salutary k directlyn brand ar the key considerations in the purchase. That said, traditional attri moreoveres such as high quality, hereditary pattern, unyieldingevity, the stories associated with brands atomic number 18 beginning to emerge as drivers of purchase.Bulk of the Indian market is still dominated by the more accessible and aspirational luxury products. Status announcing your arrival into the elite group part of the society is the biggest motivation still. The mindset is still that of an aspirer not that of a connoisseur. The Indian luxury consumer new insights The Indian luxury consumer has been studied a few times now. Various comp unitarynts progress to been identiofied by earlier studies. The old money/new money/gold cuffs/.. (Luxury Brands) and Industrialist/Corporate/Professional/ (Economic propagation A.T. K inviteey India Luxury Review 2007). The focus of our consumer research was to find out how the consumer has evolved in the last 3-4 years. The accepted cognizance is that industrialists and traditionally wealthinessy families is the queen-sizest subdivision, senior corporate executives are a smaller but emerging ingredient and younker professionals are entering the market. Our research has shown that by and enlarged the consumer segments that constitute the bulk of the market catch not changed significantly, although mulctr sub-segments are now more apparentspiritualist size enterprise owners This is the largest segment in term of number these are typically the medium enterprise owners industrialists and traders who run stemmaes with revenues upwards of 50 cr. The source of their spending is the surpluses generated by the business. Many of these look at grown as the economy grew cursorily in the last twenty years. Their wealth is their passport to the elite segment of the society and conspicuous inspiration is their way of announcing it to the society.The children who tend to be second or third generation are the bigger spenders, having been educated abroad and hence familiar with brands and the luxury way of living. They are now educating and enticing their more conservative older generation into spending. Interviews overly reveal that those who generate cash need to necessarily spend it and luxury goods are a good avenue for spending. These are very frequent luxury consumers and consume the entire gamut of products and function and some assets like cars and real estate. These consumers shop around for deals and bargains, including world-wide travel.Traditionally laden families / large industrialists This group comprises two sub-segments the first is the traditionally soaked families who have been consuming luxury for several(prenominal) decades and go for the finer things in life. The largest business houses in the country and historically wealthy Marwari, Gujarati, Parsi, Punjabi families epitomize this line. The other sub segment comprises the promoters of some very large businesses which have come up in the last two decades and have created disproportionate wealth very quickly.Builders, miners, diamond merchants, stock brokers, new age enterprise owners fall in this category. Many of them have migrated to the highest ladder of luxury consumption very quickly by acquiring yachts, jets, houses and really expensive cars. Corporate executives Senior executives of corporate India who are paid in excess of Rs. 1 crore and bankers who earn big bonuses epitomize this category. These executives are well traveled and are aware of brands. Most of these are in their mid-late forties and represent some of the brightest minds in the country.Many of them though have come from middle syndicate backgrounds and hence have a conservative approach on conspicuous spending. While they can well afford to spend, their propensity to spend is low. A gradual change is being seen as they see more and more of their compatriots spend. These consumers spend on some luxury products such as watches, accessories, select apparel, fine dining, multinational and domestic travel and high end cars. They also tend to shop on their frequent international trips to get the best deals.Self employed professionals These comprise of professionals such as lawyers, doctors and architects A small but niche segment, comprising the top stars in their profession, who have do it big. While many of these come from middle class backgrounds, they use their new found wealth to live a good life. They shop for the entire thread of products and services although are found less often at the absolute top end of the ladder. materialization professionals Working in service industries these earn the least compared to the others, but since they dont have family responsibilities, the disposable part of the income is high.They are in tune with the latest fashion trends, travel abroad once in a while and believe in spending on what they fancy. They tend to consume first appearance take products and are infrequent consumers. Other segments Expatriates Expatriates in the country are growing and they are staying for longer periods These are on expatriate packages and are accustomed to luxury consumption in other parts of the wo rld. even so closely of these fly back very frequently and stack up on their luxury products need on these trips. Luxury services and assets (mostly cars) are influenced in a small way by this segment.The segment is definitely driving the increasing awareness and need for luxury products Politicians and bureaucrats Interviews reveal that politicians and bureaucrats are a large segment for all luxury products, but have a much more pronounced pick outence for jewellery, watches, cars and real estate. Contrary to the popular perception that is generated by the flashy lifestyles of take in and television actors, they are not large spenders by themselves and collectively it is still not a large segment. Luxury consumption of film and TV stars is paid for by the producers.They alsoi shop abroad a lot. Many celebrities belong to recondite business families and owe their luxury consumption to their family wealth or get a lot of luxury products as gifts. Citywise sub-segments There are sub-segments in each city that drive most of the purchases * Mumbai stock brokers, diamond merchants/exporters * Delhi industrialists, traditionally wealthy, politicians, bureaucrats * Chennai traditionally rich, industrialists * Bangalore builders, IT top brass * Kolkata traditionally wealthy Marwari businessmen, traders Age profile.The average consumer is still young amidst 30-45. This is in line with the overall demographics and is expected to stay that way for some time. It is indeed a young luxury market in contrast with some of the mature markets like Europe and the USA where the average consumer is much older (need some data here). Consumer Behavior We found that while the average Indian luxury customer values higher(prenominal)(prenominal) Quality, Exclusivity and Social Appeal as key drivers of luxury purchase, they are also very Price Conscious and often straddled with a middle-class mindset.Corporate Professionals in especial(a) tend to be more price sensitive t han the Traditionally fuddled and Business Owners. This is also due(p) to the fact that the average fashion consciousness of Indian consumers is still quite low most consumers prefer well known brands and make luxury purchases for brand value and not fashion value. The send back below summarises the typical behavior patterns of the consumers in each of the segments Medium Size Enterprise Owners Traditionally Wealthy Families Large Industrialists Corporate Executives Self Employed Professionals Young Professionals Average Age .Awareness emit last High Medium High Fashion consciousness ( apparel and accessories) Low High Low Low High Price Consciousness High Low High Very High Very High Badge Consciousness High Medium-Low High High Very High tendency to buy abroad High High High High High Greater awareness rapidly increasing and the entry of brands, development of malls and magazines has helped. Compared to three-four years ago, the number of people who can correctly p ronounce Chanel and Gucci correctly has increased dramatically, although at that place is still a long way to go.What is interesting to note is that the Indian luxury customer is maturing rapidly and brand awareness has increased significantly over the past 3-5 years. Brands are beginning to see hard-core customers who have their preferent set of brands. Among brands, the pedigree of a brand is very important. There is a heritage value with luxury brands customer typically put more value on brands that have been around for many years. When it came to Indian brands, there is clearly a mixed perception. While most customers were willing to purchase luxury services from Indian players, the luxury products market still has a long way to go.specifically in services, Indian service quality is considered to be at par with the best in the world. within products, the categories that customer preferred have a high class value attached to it. Hence very select categories like jewellery an d Indian designer apparel products are considered luxury. Fashion consciousness changing very fast, dressing for a look increasing in the metros still a long way to go in the words of one of the luxury fashion CEOs Indians are sartorially challenged.The younger members of the rich families and the young professionals are leading are leading the pack. Badge consciousness continuing, no doubt. A logo is probably the most important thing about a product. It is easier to sell a pair of dark glasses or a polo shirt where the logo is clearly visible than a shirt where it is not so obvious. Price consciousness here to stay.The entire industry acknowledges this and both the principals and the Indian parties strive hard to arrest prices to make it price neutral for the Indian consumer who would not mind taking a flight to capital of Singapore or Dubai or ask someone to get it, if the difference is more than 3-5%. The economics is simple its cost 15-20,000 for a return trip (economy of course ) to Dubai or Singapore. On a product costing upwards of Rs. 200,000, this is less than 10% of the product price. That puts a limit on the amount of premium that anyone will be willing to pay for products that can be easily purchased overseas and carried back. The grey market will willingly carry products for a fraction of the cost of a return trip.The only exception is cars where it is not affirmable to bring it in either legitimately or smuggled. Propensity to buy overseas reducing but still very significant. One interesting observation is that Indian luxury customers are not antipathetic to buying from India, just that they feel there are better avenues abroad. One of the key challenges is to provide luxury shopping destinations that offer a variety of brands under one roof. While most of them purchased from boutiques in bleak York or Malls in Dubai, in India there are not many avenues for luxury purchase.While most consumers also make luxury purchases in India, s hopping abroad is still by far the preferred option. Consumers have certain perceptions about luxury shopping in India, that have held them back making large scale and frequent purchases in the local market. Interviews with industry leaders reveals that the consumer wants the same package here intersection (range, freshness), convenience (location), price and experience (ambience, service) with an extra expectation of service, given that this is India, where labor is cheap.The development of the Indian profession free has meant that Indians have an option of buying duty free products in India when they arrive rather than force it all the way from popular shopping destinations overseas. Consumers still believe that the widest, most recent range is not easy here and that prices are more expensive here, though at least two of these clearly are myths that need to be broken. In fashion, collections are designed for the whole world once, no one creates separate collections for India and old collections are not available.Width of range is a trade-off that has to be made depending on the depth of the market, so that is a possibility. Converting the overseas market is a big challenge for retailers. Propensity to buy from the grey market by all accounts, this is reducing in established brands. Concerted efforts by players to bring in the latest merchandise, efforts by brands to supply products at lower prices to India and Indian retailers willing to travel on thin margins has meant that the consumer now gets a good bargain. New brands which consumers want and are not available find their way through this channel.Driver of Luxury consumption Number of HNIs, HNI Wealth or mob Income? It is generally accepted that luxury market size is positively correlated to household income (GDP/capita), the number of high networth unmarrieds and/or their wealth. Discussions on luxury are never complete without a reference to these parameters. A correlation between the size of the luxury market, the GDP/capita, number of HNIs and HNI wealth over the years 2004-2009 shows that in terms of importance the number of high networth individuals is the most important driver, followed closely by GDP/capita and HNI wealth.Interviews with leading luxury brands in India points to the fact that family wealth is a very strong determinant of spending than household income. Consumer interviews with traditionally wealthy families indicates a very interesting pattern they are habitual consumers of luxury and less price conscious. Some of the segments mentioned above would fall in the HNI category. However luxury consumption in India is not contain to only the HNIs.The masstige phenomenon can be observed very clearly in India. Luxury products in India are appealing to, and purchased by, middle-class consumers that do not fit the typical profile of an elite consumer segment. For these shoppers, luxury represents status and prestige, a place in society that they fit into as a result of their purchase of high-end products. This phenomenon is observed even in the large mature markets such as UK, where a large number of individual consumers buy very small volumes.Luxury goods companies develop products that re-enforce the masstige and drive volumes. As such it is very important to look at the other indicator of the market the GDP/capita. In India given the fact that wealth is being created due to the rapid offshoot, growing household incomes are converting the middle class into emerging luxury consumers. As such there is a large segment (below the 1 cr income category) where while the wealth might be low, it is the incomes that are driving the consumption.Measured in PPP terms, 25 -100 lakhs in India is comprise to $ XX-YY,000 of income in the US or EUR AA-BB,000 in Europe, which is definitely a luxury consumer. The above two factors comply to make the consumer spectrum in India very broad. Our research shows that sporadic/ infrequent luxury consum ption for products and services begins when one-year household income goes upwards of Rs. 20 lakhs, manufactures frequent when annual household income crosses the Rs. 1 crore mark and becomes habitual when the wealth crosses the HNI milestone ($1 mn in liquid assets).For luxury assets, the markers are understandably much higher and even within assets, the ladder become quite steep as one goes higher. For example, consumer for private jets would be the top 200-400 richest families in the country the billionaires, super rich families (the HNIs) anywhere around 200-400 families such as the private jets, yachts and the largest houses earning anywhere upwards of 50 cr per annum or with family wealth in excess of 100 cr. The spectrum thus begins at rupee millionaires and goes all the way to real billionaires.While the small traditionally super wealthy families who know what absolute or real exclusive luxury means, and can be called connoisseurs, bulk of the additive wealth generati on in India has been the the handiwork of new age businessmen/industrialists who were not so wealthy a couple of generations ago. As the new money matures, one can expect that the tastes and preferences will also evolve. Rupee Millionaires Near Millionaires Real Millionaires Category Household Income 10-25 lakhs 25 lakhs 1 cr 1-5 cr 5 cr+ Networth/Wealth .Estimated number of households 2,373,000 1,292,000 141,000 Typical Occupations Service Industry professionals Corporate Executives, Self Employed Professionals Medium Enterprise OwnersTraditionally wealthyCompany CEOs, top bankers Large IndustrialistsTraditionally wealthy Luxury products Low ticket value items such as leather accessories ties, cuff-links,Wines and spirits, personal care Watches, some apparel, accessories All All Luxury Services Spas, Infrequent fine dining Travel, frequent fine dining, hotels, spas All Luxury Assets Cars, YachtsReal estate, Paintings Private jets.Geographical distribution of consumers Lux ury consumption in the country has so far been concentrated in Delhi and Mumbai with Bangalore being a distant third. Brands have been thinking of expanding their footprint beyond these cities and have been wondering about where their next store should be opened. We now believe that the distribution of the rupee millionaires is a good indicator of the luxury consumer distribution in the country. We also believe that for luxury consumption to take off a minimum critical mass is unavoidable in a city.While Delhi and Mumbai continue to be the mainstay markets for luxury consumption, there are several other cities with a large base of electric potential luxury consumers. A look at the ensure below suggests that while Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore are the top three cities, other cities also have significant potential for luxury consumption. Show a chart between the number of families (X-axis) and the growth 2006-2009 (Y-axis) and number of such households as the bubble size. Use the dat a below. Year 2006-07 2009-10 Income Category Annual income Rs.10,00,000/- CAGR Top 20 Cities ranked on the basis of Annual Market Size Number of Households Number of Households Delhi 132,258 348,000 38% Mumbai 98,164 347,000 52% Bangalore 101,550 126,000 7% Thane 69,658 137,000 25% Pune 57,130 106,000 23% Chennai 28,025 109,000 57% Ahmadabad 45,224 91,000 26% Hyderabad 26,670 69,000 37% Surat 34,457 60,000 20% Coimbatore 18,076 37,000 27% Salt Lake (Urban Areas in North 24 Parganas district) 14,373 65,000 65% Kolkata 15,790 94,000 81% Thiruvallur 17,837 22,000 7% Lucknow 20,654 29,000 12%.Jaipur 27,011 21,000 -8% Vadodara 22,911 53,000 32% Nagpur 23,637 46,000 25% Kancheepuram 13,920 24,000 20% 767,345 1,784,000 32% Source Indicus Analytics Extrapolating the growth rates seen in these cities, over the next 3 years implies that several new cities will become potential centres of luxury consumption. Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Pune, Vadodara are high potent ial destinations to watch out for. A quick comparison with China shows that there are atleast 20 cities/towns where luxury brands are present. Comparison between luxury stores in India and China. LV Burberry Chanel Hugo Boss Beijing 3 2 2 9 Shanghai 3 2 5 5 Other stage I 6 6 0 8 Tier II 12 10 1 22 Others 11 13 0 43 LV Burberry Chanel Hugo Boss Mumbai 2 1 - 1 Delhi 2 1 1 1 Bangalore 1 1 - 1 Others - 1 - - We believe in the next 5-7 years, atleast 5-7 new towns will get added on the luxury map of India. We also believe that the potential in Delhi and Mumbai has not been fully exploited and that there exist a few more micro markets within these cities that need to be tapped. Pockets of wealth and good foot could be the next big destinations.In Mumbai, South Mumbai, Central Mumbai, Bandra/Juhu, Powai and Thane are micro markets which are far enough from each other, have concentration of wealthy families and decent infrastructure. In Delhi, similar micro markets could be South Delhi, Gurgaon, Saket, .. In summary, while the Indian luxury market is evolving, so is the luxury customer. Understanding the nuances of the customer is extremely critical to succeed in this dynamic industry.